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REGISTRATIONS OF CULTIVARS

Registration of ‘Niobe’ Barley

Field Crop Development Centre, Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, 5030-50th Street, Lacombe, AB, Canada T4L 1W8

^* Corresponding author (patricia.juskiw{at}gov.ab.ca)

‘Niobe’, a two-rowed, spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (Reg. no. CV-309, PI 632404), was developed by the Field Crop Development Centre (FCDC), Lacombe, AB, Canada. Niobe has been registered in Canada by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada (Canadian Reg. no. 5500). Niobe was tested by FCDC as H92031021 and in the Western Co-operative Two-Row Barley Registration Test as TR651. Niobe was selected from the cross ‘AC Oxbow’/‘CDC Guardian’. AC Oxbow is a two-rowed malting barley developed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Cereal Research Centre in Winnipeg, MB, Canada (Government of Canada, 2003). CDC Guardian is a two-rowed feed barley developed at the Crop Development Centre in Saskatoon, SK, Canada (Rossnagel and Harvey, 1991).

The cross of AC Oxbow with CDC Guardian was made in the field during the summer of 1992. Two-hundred spikes were selected, on the basis of visual assessment, from the F₂ bulk population and advanced via single seed descent at the Crop Development Centre at Saskatoon to the F₅ generation during the winter of 1993-1994. Two hundred F₅ headrows were grown out in the field at Lacombe in the summer of 1994 from which the line H92031021 was selected on the basis of disease resistance {to scald [causal agent Rhynchosporium secalis (Oudem.) J.J. Davis] and smut (causal agents Ustilago spp.)}, quality [protein and other traits based on near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) analyses (Oatway and Helm, 1999)], and agronomic type (straw strength, maturity). Yield, quality, and further disease testing began in the summer of 1995 at Lacombe. From 1996 to1999, the line was tested in multi-location field tests throughout western Canada. In these trials, Niobe yielded 3.5% higher than ‘CDC Dolly’ (Rossnagel and Harvey, 1994), the feed check cultivar, when site mean yields were greater than 8.0 Mg ha^-1; while under lower yielding conditions (site mean yields less than 4 Mg ha^-1), yields of Niobe were 8.2% lower than those of CDC Dolly.

In the Western Co-operative Two-Row Barley Registration Test (2000 and 2001), Niobe had a mean grain yield over 32 sites of 5.10 Mg ha^-1, similar to the mean grain yield of 5.07 Mg ha^-1 for CDC Dolly. Over the 29 sites that maturity was measured, Niobe reached maturity in approximately 94 d, 1 d earlier than CDC Dolly. While Niobe was slightly taller at 79 cm than CDC Dolly at 73 cm, it had a better lodging score (scale 0–9) of 4 versus 6 for CDC Dolly. Niobe had the same test weight at 66 kg hL^-1 as CDC Dolly, but its kernel weight was only 42 mg and percent plump only 86% versus 47 mg and 93%, respectively, for CDC Dolly.

Niobe is resistant to the surface-borne smuts but moderately susceptible to true loose smut [causal agent U. nuda (Jens.) Rostr.]. Niobe is moderately resistant to the spot form of net blotch (causal agent Pyrenophora teres Dreschs. forma maculata) but moderately susceptible to the net form (P. teres forma teres). Niobe has seedling resistance to scald [causal agent Rhynchosporium secalis (Oudem.) J.J. Davis]; but as an adult plant, its reactions range from moderately resistant to susceptible depending on races of scald. Niobe is moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to stem rust (causal agent Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. and Henn.) depending on the races of stem rust. Niobe is moderately susceptible to common root rot and spot blotch [causal agent Cochliobolus sativus (Ito and Kuribayashi) Dreschs. Ex Dastur]. Niobe is susceptible to Fusarium head blight (causal agents Fusarium spp.) and Septoria speckled leaf blotch (causal agent Septoria passerinii Sacc.).

Niobe has an intermediate juvenile growth habit, a green coleoptile with medium elongation, and glabrous green sheaths and blades of its lower leaves. At the boot growth stage, leaves have a slight waxy bloom and glabrous sheaths. Niobe has a narrow, medium-long flag leaf with a drooping attitude, purple auricles, glabrous auricle margins and blade, and a pronounced waxy sheath. After heading, the spike has slight (0–3 cm) exertion. The stem has five elongated nodes, medium thickness, a medium green color, and a pronounced waxy bloom. Collar shape is closed and the neck shape is snaked (hooked). The spike has a strap (parallel) shape with medium density, horizontal attitude, and slight waxy bloom. The glumes are mid-long with a purplish tip, covered with medium-long hairs, and have rough awns equal in length to the glumes. The lemma awns are long and rough with a purplish color and a few barbs on the lateral veins. The kernels have colorless aleurones, medium long rachillas with short rachilla hairs, clasping lodicules, and horseshoe basal markings.

From the F₇ to F₉ generations, increase plots were grown from which spikes were selected to grow F₁₀ headrows. One hundred eighty-eight plots and associated headrows were grown from selected uniform F₁₀ headrows. Seed from these plots and headrows was bulked to form the Breeder seed. Breeder seed will be maintained by FCDC, Lacombe, AB, Canada. Niobe will be distributed through SeCan Association, 201-52 Antares Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K2E 7Z1 Canada, Electronic mail: seed{at}secan.com. Application has been made in Canada for plant breeders' rights (Reg. no. 02-3056).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Our thanks to Dr. Kequan Xi for his pathological expertise, and to John Bowness, Tim Duggan, Dave Dyson, Lori Oatway, and Donna Westling for their excellent technical support.

NOTES

Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication March 31, 2003.

REFERENCES

• Government of Canada. 2003. List of varieties which are registered in Canada [Online]. Available at http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/plaveg/variet/lovric.pdf (verified 8 May 2003).
• Oatway, L., and J.H. Helm. 1999. The use of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy to determine quality characteristics in whole grain barley. p. 70–72. In 16th American Barley Researchers Workshop, Idaho Falls, ID. 11–15 July 1999.
• Rossnagel, B.G., and B.L. Harvey. 1991. CDC Guardian Two-row Feed Barley. 35:122. In K.W. May (ed.) Barley Newsl. American Malting Barley Association, Inc., Milwaukee, WI.
• Rossnagel, B.G., and B.L. Harvey. 1994. CDC Dolly Two-row Feed Barley. 38:109. In R.D. Horsley (ed.) Barley Newsl. American Malting Barley Association, Inc., Milwaukee, WI.

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