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CROP BREEDING, GENETICS & CYTOLOGY

Soybean Maturity Genes Associated with Seed Coat Pigmentation and Cracking in Response to Low Temperatures

^a Legume Breeding Laboratory, National Agriculture Research Center, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8666 Japan
^b Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan

masako{at}narc.affrc.go.jp

Exposure of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to chilling temperatures (15°C) at flowering induces browning around the hilum region and cracking of the seed coats. Both pigmentation and cracking degrade the external appearance of soybean seeds and reduce their commercial value. An earlier study showed that one of the genes responsible for pigmentation is closely associated with a maturity gene. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of five soybean maturity genes (E₁–E₅) on the intensity of seed coat pigmentation and cracking. Soybean cv. Harosoy (e₁e₂E₃E₄e₅) and its near-isogenic lines (NIL) for E₁ to E₅ loci were exposed to 15°C for 2 wk beginning 8 d after anthesis. Control plants were grown in a greenhouse throughout their life cycle, whereas treated plants were transferred from the greenhouse to a phytotron for the chilling treatment. Intensity of pigmentation was not affected by e₃, slightly reduced by E₂ and e₄, and profoundly reduced by E₁ and E₅. Degree of cracking was slightly increased by e₃ and drastically reduced by e₄, E₁, and E₅. The results suggest that some of the soybean maturity genes have inhibitory effects on the intensity of seed coat pigmentation and cracking in response to low temperatures. Dominant alleles E₁ and E₅ are most effective in suppressing both pigmentation and cracking. Therefore, these two genes may be useful to ensure tolerance to chilling stress in cultivars with e₃ and e₄, which jointly condition the insensitivity to long daylength, an adaptive trait in high latitude regions.

Abbreviations: DAA, days after anthesis of individual plants • DAO, days after opening of individual flowers • ILD, incandescent long daylength • NIL, near-isogenic line

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