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REGISTRATIONS OF GERMPLASMS

Registration of TARS-SR05 Multiple Disease-Resistant Dry Bean Germplasm

^a USDA-ARS Crop Genetics and Production Research, PO Box 345, Stoneville, MS 38776
^b Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre, Harrow, ON, N0R 1G0
^c Dep. of Agronomy and Soils, Univ. of Puerto Rico, PO Box 9030, Mayaguez, PR 00681-9030
^d USDA-ARS Vegetable and Forage Crops Production Research, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350
^e West Tennessee Experiment Station, 605 Airways Blvd., Jackson, TN 38301
^f Dep. of Crop Protection, Univ. of Puerto Rico, PO Box 9030, Mayaguez, PR 00681-9030

^* Corresponding author (rsmith{at}ars.usda.gov)

TARS-SR05 (Reg. no. GP-263, PI 642779) was developed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station (TARS) and Vegetable and Forage Crops Production Research Unit, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, the College of Agricultural Science, University of Puerto Rico, and the West Tennessee Experiment Station and jointly released by the USDA, University of Puerto Rico, and the Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station in 2005 as a multiple disease-resistant, tropical small red dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm.

TARS-SR05 (previously tested as 98020-3-1-8-2) is derived from the cross DOR 557/XAN 176 and is available as an F₆-derived bulk of 16 F₈ single-plant progenies. DOR 557 (Rodriguez et al., 1995) is a small red germplasm line similar to those produced in Central America and is susceptible to common bacterial blight [caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap) (Smith) Vauterin et al.]. XAN 176 (Miklas et al., 2000) is a tropically-adapted small black germplasm line from CIAT with moderate resistance to Xap and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (Canaday et al., 2002).

Seed of the F₁ and F₂ were produced in 1998 in a greenhouse at Mayaguez, PR. Seed of the F₃ was produced by single-seed descent in the field in early 1999 at Isabela, PR and then field evaluated as F₃ plants for agronomic traits during the summer of 1999 at Juana Diaz, PR. Selected F_3:4 plants were evaluated for resistance to Xap (strain 484a from Puerto Rico) in the fall of 1999 in a greenhouse at Mayaguez, and F_4:5 seed was harvested from resistant plants. The F_4:5 plants were evaluated in early 2000 in a highly stressed field nursery (compacted, waterlogged, and monocultured soil naturally infested with R. solani and Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. phaseoli (Burkholder) W.C. Snyder and H.N. Hans.) at Isabela. Seed harvested from tolerant plants was evaluated as F_5:6 plants for resistance to Xap during the summer of 2000 in a Mayaguez greenhouse. Selected single-plant-derived (F_6:7) lines harvested from Xap-resistant plants in the greenhouse were then evaluated in 1-m row plots for seed yield in early 2001 at two adjacent Isabela field locations. One location had compacted and waterlogged soil infested with R. solani and F. solani, whereas the other location had minimum stress. Breeding line 98020-3-1-8-2 was selected based on its high geometric mean of stressed and non-stressed seed yield relative to elite tropical small red cultivar Tio Canela-75 (Rosas et al., 1997).

TARS-SR05 produced greater yield than Tio Canela-75, line VAX 6 (Singh and Muñoz, 1999), and cultivars Morales (Beaver and Miklas, 1999) and Rosada Nativa (Beaver et al., 1999) under short days at Isabela. In the summer at Juana Diaz, TARS-SR05 also yielded greater than Tio Canela-75, but yielded similarly to XAN 176 and VAX 6. TARS-SR05 had comparable yields to the small red cultivars NW63 (Burke, 1982) and UI-259 (Myers et al., 2001) at Prosser, WA in a minimally stressed trial, but yielded substantially lower than both cultivars in a trial with multiple stresses, including compaction, low-fertility, low-moisture, Beet curly top virus (BCTV), and soil infested with F. solani.

Reaction to Xap strain 484a was evaluated on the first trifoliate leaf in a greenhouse (USDA, Mayaguez), using a 1 to 9 scale, where 1 = completely resistant with no symptoms of infection and 9 = complete necrosis of the inoculated area (Schoonhoven and Pastor-Corrales, 1987). Reactions were 1.9 for TARS-SR05, 3.6 for XAN 176, 8.4 for DOR 557, 8.8 for Tio Canela-75, and 1.2 for VAX 6. Field resistance to Xap at Isabela (UPR) was similar for TARS-SR05 and VAX 6 and both had better resistance than Morales and Rosada Nativa. Transgressive segregation appears to be the mechanism of higher Xap (strain 484a) resistance found in TARS-SR05 relative to its parents. TARS-SR05 likely derived resistance genes from GN 1 selection 27 through XAN 176, but apparently also derived additional resistance factors from DOR 557. In subsequent evaluations at Mayaguez (UPR) with Xap strains 1930 (from Nicaragua), 1934 (from Costa Rica), 3363 (fuscans type from Puerto Rico), and 3353 (from Puerto Rico), TARS-SR05 was susceptible to strains 1930, 1934, and 3363 and resistant to strain 3353, compared to the resistant reaction of VAX 6 to all four strains. TARS-SR05 was susceptible to a mixture of Xap strains (two fuscous, 12 and 118; and two non-fuscous, 18 and 98) (courtesy of B.N. Dhanvantari) at Harrow, Ontario.

In greenhouse assays (Harrow), TARS-SR05 was not different than Cornell 2114-12 (Beebe et al., 1981) for resistance to F. solani, but was less resistant than Cornell 2114-12 to a soil mixture of F. solani, R. solani, and Pythium ultimum Trow. In root rot field nurseries, TARS-SR05 was not different than Cornell 2114-12 for resistance to F. solani, R. solani, and Pythium spp. at Harrow, or for resistance to R. solani, Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich and F. solani at Jackson, TN. Tests with molecular marker SW13 and inoculations with Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) races 1 and 15 (Harrow) indicated that TARS-SR05 carries the I gene for resistance to races 1 and 15 of BCMV.

TARS-SR05 has a tropical small red seed type and shiny seed coat when produced under cool conditions, but may vary in seed coat color from red to brown to ochre when produced under high temperature conditions. Plant height of TARS-SR05 was slightly taller (48.5 cm) and seed size smaller (24.0 g 100^–1 seed) than that of NW 63 (42.5 cm; 35.7 g 100^–1 seed) and UI-259 (42.0 cm; 39.2 g 100^–1 seed) in Prosser, WA. Also, TARS-SR05 has a narrow oblong seed shape, which is much different than that of NW 63. Hence, the 100-seed weight and shape do not fit the U.S. small red market class, while the seed coat color may be less than acceptable for the tropical small red market class. TARS-SR05 has an upright semi-determinate growth habit (IIa) and full-season maturity in Harrow, Ontario. It matures in approximately 80 d at Isabela.

TARS-SR05 represents a new source of resistance to some strains of Xap and to soil pathogens in a potentially high-yielding background. It may be useful for differentiating pathogenic isolates of Xap. It will be useful for improving disease resistance in tropical small red beans and its adaptation to temperate climates will also make it easy to utilize in temperate small red breeding programs. Hence, TARS-SR05 can be widely used to improve resistance to soil pathogens, BCMV, and Xap in dry edible bean.

A limited quantity of seed is available from the corresponding author. It is requested that appropriate recognition be made if this germplasm line contributes to the development of new breeding lines and cultivars.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors thank José Santiago and Adolfo Quiles for their dedication and technical assistance.

NOTES

Joint contribution by the USDA-ARS, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, the Univ. of Puerto Rico, and the Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station. Registration by CSSA.

Received for publication June 14, 2006.

REFERENCES

• Beebe, S.E., F.A. Bliss, and H.F. Schwartz. 1981. Root rot resistance in common bean germplasm of Latin American origin. Plant Dis. 65:485–489.
• Beaver, J.S., and P.N. Miklas. 1999. Registration of ‘Morales’ small white bean. Crop Sci. 39:1257.[Free Full Text]
• Beaver, J.S., P.N. Miklas, and R. Echavez-Badel. 1999. Registration of ‘Rosada Nativa’ pink bean. Crop Sci. 39:1257.
• Burke, D.W. 1982. Registration of red Mexican beans ‘Rufus,’ ‘NW-59,’ and ‘NW-63.’. Crop Sci. 22:685–686.[Free Full Text]
• Canaday, C.H., J.E. Wyatt, J. Bohac, and J.R. Smith. 2002. Field evaluation of bean cultivars and lines for resistance to Rhizoctonia, 2001. Biol. Cult. Tests 17:V02. Available at: http://www.apsnet.org/online/BCTests/Vol20/ [verified 10 Nov. 2006].
• Miklas, P.N., R. Delorme, V. Stone, M.J. Daly, J.R. Stavely, J.R. Steadman, M.J. Bassett, and J.S. Beaver. 2000. Bacterial, fungal, and viral disease resistance loci mapped in a recombinant inbred common bean population (Dorado x XAN 176). J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 125:476–481.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Myers, J.R., K.D. Stewart-Williams, R.E. Hayes, J.J. Kolar, and S.P. Singh. 2001. Registration of ‘UI 259’ medium red dry bean. Crop Sci. 41:1643.[Free Full Text]
• Rodriguez, M.A., H.F. Ramirez, M.C. Valencia, O. Voysest, and J.W. White. 1995. Catalog of advanced lines from CIAT. Bean Program. CIAT, Cali, Colombia.
• Rosas, J.C., O.I. Varela, and J.S. Beaver. 1997. Registration of ‘Tio Canela-75’ small red bean (race Mesoamerica). Crop Sci. 37:1391.[Free Full Text]
• Schoonhoven, V.A., and M.A. Pastor-Corrales. 1987. Standard system for the evaluation of bean germplasm. CIAT, Cali, Colombia.
• Singh, S.P., and C.G. Muñoz. 1999. Resistance of common bacterial blight among Phaseolus species and common bean improvement. Crop Sci. 39:80–89.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

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