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a Soil and Crop Sci. Dep., Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843
b Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Lubbock, TX 79403
c Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Stephenville, TX 76401
d Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Stephenville, TX 76401
e Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Lubbock, TX 79403
* Corresponding author (m-baring{at}tamu.edu)
‘Tamnut OL06’ (Reg. no. CV-91, PI 642850) is a large seeded, spanish-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. fastigiata Waldron var. vulgaris Harz.) cultivar that has the high O/L genes (O = oleic fatty acid; L = linoleic fatty acid) and is high yielding. It exhibits some disease tolerance and is earlier in maturity than virtually all runner cultivars presently available to growers. The objective of releasing this cultivar was to provide the peanut growers of West Texas with a peanut that has almost the same size seed as the popular runner-type ‘Florunner’ (Norden et al., 1969) cultivar but with some disease tolerance and earlier maturity. Tamnut OL06 was tested as Tx034342 and released in May 2006 by the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University System.
Tamnut OL06 was derived as a single plant selection from a fourth backcross (BC) between ‘Tamspan 90’ (Smith et al., 1991) and a BC3 progeny developed from crosses between Tamspan 90 and UF 435–2–1, the original source of the high O/L genes. The original cross and backcross produced progenies from which the cultivar OLin (Simpson et al., 2003) was selected and developed; Tamnut OL06 followed from further BC studies with this same material that produced the OLin cultivar. In the subsequent BC, after the selection of OLin, individual seed were tested for O/L ratio, planted, evaluated, and selection pressure applied for various desirable agronomic characters including seed size, plant growth habit, maturity, and yield. One of the major constraints that had to be overcome was the strong association between the high O/L trait and small seed size in the initial crossing program with the spanish-type cultivars. Various tests and generation advances were conducted at each BC cycle, including O/L ratio and yield, when sufficient seed were available. Generation advances were accomplished in the Puerto Rico Winter Nursery in BC2 and BC3.
The BC4 was made in the spring of 1997, and individual plants (IPS) were selected from the BC4F2 populations in 1998. The BC4F2 selections were analyzed for O/L ratios using five seed samples. The resulting high O/L selections were planted as BC4F2:3 plant rows in 1999. Selected BC4F2:4 populations were yield tested in 2000, and IPS based on seed and pod characteristics were made within these populations. The BC4F4:5 selections were analyzed for O/L ratio with Tamnut OL06 having a ratio of 20.8:1. These selections were increased as BC4F4:5 plant rows in 2001 and increased again as BC4F4:6 plant rows in the 2001–2002 Puerto Rico winter nursery. Initial yield testing for Tamnut OL06 began as BC4F4:7 generation materials in 2002 and were conducted until 2005, resulting in BC4F4:10 generation lines. The material that was proposed for release was a combination of BC4F4:10 and BC4F4:11, the latter resulting from a portion of the BC4F4:10 being sent to the Puerto Rico Winter Increase Nursery in November 2005.
The plants are essentially the same size as Tamspan 90, with upright growth habit and a mainstem that is not prominent. Vegetative growth mostly adheres to the A. fastigiata subsp., with sequential vegetative to reproductive branching pattern and flowers on the mainstem. Leaves are slightly lighter green than OLin (RHS 137A for Tamnut OL06 vs. 146A for OLin).
Limited shelling evaluations indicate that Tamnut OL06 will shell in an acceptable manner. Shelling turnout studies were conducted using runner screens because this cultivar has seed size similar to other runner-type cultivars when grown in West Texas and is being released to be marketed in that region as a runner-type peanut. Seed size distribution was analyzed at three locations during 2004 and 2005 to compare Tamnut OL06 with Florunner, Tamspan 90, and OLin. The extra large kernel (ELK) 8.53- x 25.4-mm slotted screen fraction for Tamnut OL06 is equal to Florunner and significantly higher than either Tamspan 90 or OLin with 26.2, 27.9, 3.3, and 15.6%, respectively (p 
0.01). Medium (7.14- x 25.4-mm slotted screen) fractions for Tamnut OL06 were higher than Florunner and lower than both Tamspan 90 and OLin with 57.0, 51.6, 64.1, and 60.5%, respectively (p 0.01). The No. 1 (6.35- x 25.4-mm slotted screen) fraction for Tamnut OL06 was equal to Florunner and lower than both Tamspan 90 and OLin with 5.5, 6.9, 17.8, and 9.1%, respectively (p 0.01). The seed size distribution for Tamnut OL06 is very similar in the three major fractions to Florunner (unpublished data), a long time favorite of the processing and manufacturing industry. Tests on the blanching properties of Tamnut OL06 have indicated that the cultivar blanches as well as any of the other spanish-type cultivars tested and will be acceptable to the blanching and split-blanching markets.
Yield data from 2002 through 2005 indicate that Tamnut OL06 performed equal to Tamspan 90 and better than OLin with average yields of 6049, 6018, and 5675 kg ha–1, respectively (p 0.05). Total sound mature kernels (TSMK) have generally been one to two percentage points lower than Tamspan 90 and OLin (p 0.05).
Tests in the Sclerotinia minor nursery at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station in Stephenville, TX, have shown that Tamnut OL06 has resistance equal to that of Tamspan 90 and OLin: [Tamnut OL06 = 5.7 rating on scale of 0–10 (10 = all plants dead), Tamspan 90 = 5.3, and OLin = 4.7 (NS P 0.05)].
Analysis of maturity data indicates that Tamnut OL06 is equal to Tamspan 90 and OLin and earlier than the Florunner cultivar with ratings of 89.1, 85.3, 86.1, and 45.8% mature pods, respectively (P 0.05). The hull-scrape method was used to determine maturity with the percentage of mature pods determined by those pods which were black, brown, and orange at approximately 145 to 150 DAP.
Foundation seed of Tamnut OL06 will be maintained and distributed by the Foundation Seed Service of the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Vernon, TX 76384. Contact the Texas Foundation Seed Service for all seed request. No seed will be distributed without written permission for 20 yr from the (date of publication in Crop Science) by the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University System, at which time seed will also be available from the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). Plant Variety Protection for the cultivar is being applied for, and the cultivar may only be sold and grown as a class of certified seed by name only.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Appreciation is expressed to the Texas Peanut Producers Board for their support of this research. Tamnut OL06 was developed and released under a license agreement between the University of Florida Research Foundation and the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station.
NOTES
Received for publication June 22, 2006.
REFERENCES
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  Y. Chu, L. Ramos, C. C. Holbrook, and P. Ozias-Akins Frequency of a Loss-of-Function Mutation in Oleoyl-PC Desaturase (ahFAD2A) in the Mini-Core of the U.S. Peanut Germplasm Collection Crop Sci., November 7, 2007; 47(6): 2372 - 2378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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