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a Dep. of Plant and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312
b Dep. of Plant Pathology, Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312
c USDA-ARS Soft Wheat Quality Laboratory, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691
d USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, 1551 Lindig Street, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
e USDA-ARS National Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility, Aberdeen, ID 83210
f USDA-ARS, Dep. Of Entomology, Purdue Univ., W. Lafayette, IN 47907
* Corresponding author (dvs{at}uky.edu)
‘Allegiance’ (Reg. no. CV-993, PI 641952) is a soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) developed by the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. Allegiance, tested as KY90C-054–6, was released in 2002 for its excellent grain yield potential and its moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight (caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe). Allegiance was developed from the cross Pioneer Brand ‘2548’/‘SS 555’. The pedigree of Pioneer Brand 2548 (PI 532913) is ‘Hadden’ *2/3/GA1123//‘Norin 10’/‘Brevor’/‘Tenmarq’/4/MOW6582/‘Redcoat’ /5/‘Coker 68–15’/4/‘Etoile de Choisy’//‘Thorne’/‘Clarkan’/3/‘Pawnee’/Pur3848A5 Sel (Iwig et al., 1991). The pedigree of SS 555 (PI 560318) is problematic in that it was derived from a population initiated from the bulking of six F1 crosses (Carl Griffey, personal communication, 2006). Breeding methods used in the development of Allegiance were as follows. Individual heads were selected in the F2 generation and seeds from each head were planted in F2:3 headrows. Individual F2:3 heads were selected and progeny were grown in F3:4 headrows. Twenty of these headrows were harvested individually and advanced as bulks for two generations. Approximately 100 heads were selected from one of the bulks in the F3:6 generation and progeny were planted back as F6:7 headrows. Twenty-eight F7:9 progeny plots were evaluated in 1999, and four were selected and bulked to increase in the F7:10 generation to produce breeder seed.
Allegiance is a white-chaffed, awned soft red winter wheat with lax, fusiform spikes, and intermediate size kernels. Coleoptiles are white and juvenile plant growth habit is semierect. Plant color at boot stage is green. Flag leaf at boot stage is erect and without waxy bloom. Kernels are oval with rounded cheeks, a shallow crease and a short brush.
Allegiance was tested in Kentucky from 1996 to 2002 and in the 2000 and 2001 USDA-ARS Uniform Eastern Soft Red Winter Wheat Nursery (UESRWWN). Allegiance is midseason in maturity with a heading date similar to that of ‘Agripro Foster’, approximately 123 d after 1 January under Kentucky's growing conditions. Allegiance is tall (
103 cm), slightly taller than ‘Agripro Patton’. Lodging of Allegiance was similar to lodging of ‘Coker 9663’ and ‘Truman’, two other moderately tall cultivars, in the 2003 and 2004 state variety trials, respectively. Winterhardiness of Allegiance is similar to that of Agripro Foster. In the seven-location Kentucky state variety trial from 2000 through 2002 (21 location-years), Allegiance was the top yielding entry with grain yield of 5833 kg ha–1, approximately 110% of ‘Roane’. In 2002 and 2003, grain yield of Allegiance was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that of Roane; in 2004, the difference was not significant. In 2 yr of testing in the UESRWWN over 37 locations in 2000–2001, Allegiance yielded 5220 kg ha–1 (ranking seventh of 40 entries) and 4985 kg ha–1 (ranking 14th of 44 entries), respectively. Average test weight of Allegiance in the 2000 through 2002 state variety trial was 743 kg m–3, slightly lower than but not significantly different from that of ‘Madison’ (749 kg m–3). Test weight of Allegiance in the UESRWWN was equivalent to the check cultivars Caldwell, Agripro Patton, and Agripro Foster and lower than the test weight of Roane both years.
Milling and baking quality of Allegiance, based on tests at the USDA Soft Wheat Quality Lab in Wooster, OH, is similar to that of ‘Tribute’. On the basis of Advanced Nursery Evaluation of the 2000 and 2001 UESRWWN, Allegiance had slightly higher flour yield than Tribute (718 vs. 702 g kg–1) and cookie diameter slightly greater than that of Tribute (18.5 vs. 17.8 cm). Gluten strength as indicated by lactic acid retention capacity, was intermediate (105.2), considerably lower than that of Tribute (120.6). Statistical significance of these comparisons could not be assessed from the data provided by the quality lab. Overall milling and baking quality of Allegiance was significantly greater than that of Tribute in both years.
In 3 yr of Fusarium head blight testing in irrigated, inoculated nurseries in Kentucky from 2002 through 2004, Allegiance was rated as having low to moderately low disease index (Allegiance = 14.6 vs. 3 yr mean of all genotypes = 24.5). In the 2001–2002, Uniform Northern Scab Nursery Fusarium head blight index of Allegiance was not significantly different than that of ‘Ernie’ (23.2 vs. 20.0). Allegiance has shown a reaction ranging from moderate resistance to susceptibility to powdery mildew [caused by Erysiphe graminis (DC.) f.sp. tritici Ém. Marchal; syn. Blumeria graminis (DC) E. O. Speer] in the 2000 and 2001 UESRWWN. Mean score (0 = no symptoms, 9 = severe infection of the flag leaf) for Allegiance was 2.7 and 2.6 for the 2000 and 2001 UESRWWN, respectively. Reaction to leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks) similarly had varied from resistant to susceptible over 36 locations in each of the 2000 and 2001 UESRWWN. The USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Lab at St. Paul, MN, has postulated that Allegiance possesses Lr 10 plus additional unknown leaf rust resistance genes. Allegiance has demonstrated moderate susceptibility to leaf blotch (caused by Septoria tritici Roberge in Desmaz.), moderate resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend.) moderate resistance to Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus, and resistance to stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks & E. Henn) The stem rust resistance is similar to that associated with the 1Bl.1Rs and 1Al.1Rs translocations, although Allegiance possesses neither of these (Yue Jin, personal communication, 2005). Allegiance is susceptible to Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] biotypes GP, B, C, D, E, and L.
The breeding research that generated Allegiance was supported in part by the Kentucky Small Grain Growers Association/Kentucky Small Grain Promotion Council and the U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative and the USDA under Agreement NO. 59–0790–4-127. Exclusive marketing rights to Allegiance have been granted to Kentucky American Seed, Inc. Seed classes of Allegiance will be Breeder, Foundation, and Certified. Breeder seed will be maintained by the Foundation Seed Project, Dep. of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546–0312. Small quantities of seed for research purposes may be obtained from the corresponding author for at least 5 yr.
NOTES
The investigation reported in this paper (05-06-126) is in connection with a project of the Kentucky Agric. Exp. Stn. and is published with the approval of the director. Registration by CSSA.
Received for publication November 11, 2005.
REFERENCES
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