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REGISTRATIONS OF GERMPLASMS

Registration of Seven Winter Feed Barley Germplasms Resistant to Russian Wheat Aphid

^a USDA-ARS, 1301 N. Western Rd., Stillwater, OK 74075
^b D.E. Obert, W.M. Wesenberg (retired), and C.A. Erickson, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 307, Aberdeen, ID, 83210

^* Corresponding author (Do.Mornhinweg{at}ars.usda.gov)

STARS 0501B (Reg. no. GP-137, PI 639870), 0502B (Reg. no. GP-138, PI 639871), 0503B (Reg. no. GP-139, PI 639872), 0504B (Reg. no. GP-140, PI 639873), 0505B (Reg. no. GP-141, PI 639874), 0506B Reg. no. GP-142, (PI 639875), and 0507B (Reg. no. GP-143, PI 639876), are winter, six-rowed feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines developed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS at Stillwater, OK, and Aberdeen, ID, as sources of resistance to Russian wheat aphid (RWA) [Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko)]. Although these lines were selected for adaptation to southeastern Idaho, sister lines have been shown to be adapted as far south as central Colorado. Each line has a different source of resistance in the ‘Schuyler’ (Jensen, 1972) winter feed barley background (Table 1).

Devastating yield losses occurred in wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) and barley in the western USA within the first 2 yr after the introduction of the RWA in 1986 (Porter et al., 1999). Screening of the entire USDA-ARS National Small Grains Collection of Hordeum vulgare in the greenhouse by the USDA-ARS at Stillwater, OK, resulted in the identification of 109 accessions with resistance to RWA ranging from resistant (1–3) to moderately resistant (4–5) on Webster's scale of 1 to 9 (1 = resistant, 9 = susceptible) (Webster et al., 1991) From these heterogeneous accessions, 109 homogeneous unadapted RWA-resistant germplasm lines were developed by selecting for RWA resistance as well as plant type. Two spring germplasm lines, STARS 9301B and STARS 9577B, were quickly released to breeders (Mornhinweg et al., 1995, 1999). These lines, though highly resistant to RWA feeding damage, were not well adapted to U.S. feed or malting barley production. Breeder concerns about potential negative effects of unadapted germplasm on the agronomic performance and malting quality of elite breeding lines, lead to the initiation of a backcross-breeding program at Stillwater to develop RWA-resistant germplasm lines in backgrounds adapted to all barley-growing areas of the USA where RWA is a potential threat. All 109 unadapted resistant lines were utilized in the backcross breeding program. STARS 0501B, 0502B, 0503B, 0504B, 0505B, 0506B, and 05017B were the seven best agronomic performers in a Schuyler background. These lines are very competitive with Schuyler in the field even in the absence of RWA. STARS 0501B, STARS 0502B, STARS 0503B, STARS 0504B, STARS 0505B, STARS 0506B, and STARS 0507B had grain yields 100, 99, 106, 113, 107, 102, and 102%, respectively, of their recurrent parent Schuyler. Test weights were 100, 102, 100, 98, 100, 100, and 99%, respectively, of Schuyler test weight and plant heights were 106, 106, 97, 94, 97, 97, and 100%, respectively, of Schuyler plant height. STARS 0501B, STARS 0502B, STARS 0503B, STARS 0504B, STARS 0505B, STARS 0506B, and STARS 0507B were +2, 0, +2, 0, +2, +1, and +2 d different, respectively, in heading than Schuyler.

Each of these germplasm lines was developed with three backcrosses to Schuyler (female parent) using a single unadapted RWA-resistant winter barley germplasm line (Table 1). Backcross progeny were screened in each generation (BC₁ and BC₂) and only resistant plants were used in the next backcross. Eventually, 100 BC₃F₂:F₃ individuals were increased in the greenhouse. Seed from these plants were grown in the field as plant rows at Aberdeen, ID, and evaluated for agronomic performance in comparison to the susceptible parent Schuyler. Selected lines were grown in replicated yield trials, in the absence of aphids, for 2 yr (2002 and 2003) at Aberdeen, ID, and one line from each resistant source was selected for release (Table 1). Three hundred spikes were selected from each of these seven lines and screened in the greenhouse at Stillwater for homozygous resistance to the RWA1 biotype. Remnant seed from homozygous resistant plants were bulked for each line.

Genetic diversity for aphid resistance is very important due to the very real potential in aphids for the development of biotypes capable of damaging previously resistant lines. The source of resistance in STARS 0503B (Table 1) was collected in Afghanistan while the resistant sources in STARS 0501B, 0502B, 0504B, 0505B, 0506B, and 05017B were collected in Iran. Haley et al. (2004) reported a new biotype of RWA damaging to previously resistant wheat in Colorado. STARS 0501B, 0502B, 0503B, 0504B, 0505B, 0506B, and 05017B were resistant to this new biotype in greenhouse seedling tests. Populations have been developed to determine the inheritance of resistance in each unadapted line represented in these germplasm lines as well as the genetic diversity for RWA resistance among these lines.

Seed of STARS 0501B, 0502B, 0503B, 0504B, 0505B, 0506B, and 0507B will be distributed on request to breeders and geneticists in lots of 5 g. Requests for seed should be sent to the corresponding author. It is requested that appropriate recognition of the source be given when these germplasm lines contribute to research or the development of an improved line, cultivar or hybrid. Seed of these germplasm lines will be deposited in the National Plant Germplasm System where they will be available after 5 yr for research purposes, including development and commercialization of new materials.

NOTES

Registration by CSSA.

Received for publication December 1, 2005.

REFERENCES

• Bregitzer, P., D.W. Mornhinweg, and B.L. Jones. 2003. Resistance to Russian wheat aphid damage derived from STARS-9301B protects agronomic performance and malting quality when transferred to adapted barley germplasm. Crop Sci. 43:2050–2057.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Haley, S.D., F.B. Peairs, C.B. Walker, J.B. Rudolph, and T.L. Randolph. 2004. Occurance of a new Russian wheat aphid biotype in Colorado. Crop Sci. 44:1589–1592.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Jensen, N.F. 1972. Registration of Schuyler barley. Crop Sci. 12:124.[Free Full Text]
• Mornhinweg, D.W., D.R. Porter, and J.A. Webster. 1995. Registration of STARS-9301B barley germplasm resistant to Russian wheat aphid. Crop Sci. 35:602.[Free Full Text]
• Mornhinweg, D.W., D.R. Porter, and J.A. Webster. 1999. Registration of STARS-9577B Russian wheat aphid resistant barley germplasm. Crop Sci. 39:882.[Free Full Text]
• Mornhinweg, D.W., M.J. Brewer, and D.R. Porter. 2006. Effect of Russian wheat aphid on yield and yield components of field grown susceptible and resistant spring barley. Crop Sci. 46:36–42.[CrossRef]
• Porter, D.R., D.W. Mornhinweg, and J.A. Webster. 1999. Insect resistance in barley germplasm, p. 51–61. In Clement, S. L. and Quisenberry, S. S. (ed.) Global plant genetic resources for insect resistant crops. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL.
• Webster, J.A., C.A. Baker, and D.R. Porter. 1991. Detection and mechanisms of Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) resistance in barley. J. Econ. Entomol. 84(2):669–673.

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