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a Eastern Agric. Res. Ctr., Montana Agric. Exp. Stn., Sidney, MT 59270
b Williston Res. Ext. Ctr., North Dakota Agric. Exp. Stn., Williston, ND 58801
c Northern Agric. Res. Ctr., Montana Agric. Exp. Stn., Havre, MT 59901
d Central Agric. Res. Ctr., Montana Agric. Exp. Stn., Moccasin, MT 59462
e Southern Agric. Res. Ctr. Montana Agric. Exp. Stn. Huntley, MT 59037
* Corresponding author (jbergman{at}sidney.ars.usda.gov)
‘Montola 2004’ (Reg. no. CV-26, PI 631483) safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) was developed at the Eastern Agricultural Research Center, Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, Sidney, MT in cooperation with the Williston Research Extension Center, North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Williston, ND. Montola 2004 was released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in 2002. This cultivar was released for its high oleic, low saturated fatty acid profile and normal white hull for use in the specialty oil and the birdseed markets.
Montola 2004 was tested as 98B8459 and derived from a single F8 plant selected from a 1989 multi-cross involving ‘Sidney selection 87–14–6’, ‘Sidney selection 87–42–3’, ‘Sidney selection 87–14-B’, ‘Arizona 2698’, ‘Arizona 9322’, ‘Arizona pigmentless’, ‘AC-1’, ‘S-208’, ‘USDA selection 012–251–3-6’, and ‘Nebraska selection N-10’ x a ‘Montola 2000’ individual plant from a half-seed selection for high oleic fatty acid. The cultivars involved in the breeding of the multi-cross and Montola 2000 (PI 538025) are briefly described below.
Sidney selection 87–14–6, Sidney selection 87–42–3, and Sidney selection 87–14-B are selections made in 1965 for Alternaria leaf spot (caused by Alternaria carthami Chowdhury) resistance from a 1964 bulk composite of 555 safflower introductions from the 1960 USDA-ARS safflower collection. Arizona 2698 is an experimental line with the brown stripe gene backcrossed into Gila obtained from the Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station. Arizona 9322 is an experimental high oil early ripening line obtained from the Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station. Arizona pigmentless is an experimental line obtained from Dr. D. Rubis, Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station in 1980 with the pigmentless gene (pp), which prevents the formation of the pigmented melanin layer in the pericarp of safflower seed. AC-1 is a high seed oil content cultivar with a purple-striped hull developed in Phoenix, AZ, by the Anderson Clayton Company. S-208 was developed by Seedtec International, Woodland, CA, and is a normal-white hull seed cultivar. USDA selection 012–251–3-6 is a selection produced from a backcross of striped hull into VFR-1 made by C.A. Thomas, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, in 1973, having resistance to Fusarium (caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend. Fr. f. sp. carthami Kliesiewicz and Houstan), Phytophthora (caused by Phytophthora spp.), and some strains of Verticillium wilt (caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb.). Nebraska selection N-10 is a normal white hull cultivar derived from a single plant selection from accession 852 in 1946 and released in 1955 by the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station (Williams, 1964). Montola 2000 is a normal hull high oleic safflower oil cultivar having over 800 g kg–1 oleic acid and was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in 1991 (Bergman et al., 2000).
Recurrent selection for high oleic and low saturated fatty acid composition was used in the breeding of Montola 2004. Individual plant selections for oil quality were made during the F2 through F8 generations. Gas chromatography was used to determine the fatty acid composition of the oil in each generation to select for oil with less than 60 g kg–1 total saturated fatty acids which includes lauric (C12:0), myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), arachidic (C20:0), behenic (C22:0), and lignoceric (C24:0).
Montola 2004 was developed and released for production in Montana and other northern Great Plains states to provide a specialty non-GMO, high oleic, low saturated safflower oil and normal white hull cultivar with less than 65 g kg–1 total saturated fatty acids when grown in Montana. Montola 2004 oil has a neutral taste. Montola 2004 is recommended for dryland and irrigated production in Montana and western North Dakota for producing high quality safflower oil high in oleic acid and low in saturated fatty acid for the specialty oil and birdseed markets.
Montola 2004 is similar to Montola 2000 in seed yielding ability and flowering date, has higher test weight, lower seed oil content, greater plant height, lower total saturated fatty acid content, higher oleic fatty acid content, and lower linoleic fatty acid content than Montola 2000.
Montola 2004 plants have spines on the leaf tips and along leaf margins and involucral bracts. The flower color of Montola 2004 is yellow in the bud and full bloom. Upon drying, the flower color is light orange to orange. Seed of Montola 2004 has a predominantly bright white (normal) hull preferred by the birdseed market, is similar in seed size to Montola 2000 and averages 41 g per 1000 seeds, 4.6 mm in width and 8.1 mm in length. The fatty acid composition of Montola 2004 during the 1999–2001 period averaged 59 g kg–1 total saturated fatty acids, 838 g kg–1 oleic fatty acid and 88 g kg–1 linoleic fatty acid. Montola 2004 is classified as early maturity (120 d). Under dryland conditions at Sidney, MT, Montola 2004 is 5 cm taller than Montola 2000; and under irrigated conditions, it is approximately 7 cm taller.
Based on field disease ratings, Montola 2004 appears moderately susceptible to Alternaria leaf spot and moderately resistant to Pseudomonas bacterial blight (caused by Pseudomonas syringae Van Hall). Disease ratings indicate improved resistance for these diseases compared to Montola 2000.
In dryland trials at Sidney, MT, during the 1997–2001 period, Montola 2004 yielded an average of 1443 kg ha–1 with a test weight of 30.8 kg hl–1, seed oil content of 370 g kg–1, and plant height of 63.9 cm, compared with 1369 kg ha–1; 29.7 kg hl–1; 376 g kg–1; and 45.5 cm, respectively, for Montola 2000. In irrigated trials at Sidney, MT during the 1997–2001 period, Montola 2004 averaged 1665 kg ha–1 with a test weight of 26.0 kg hl–1, a seed oil content of 329 g kg–1, and plant height of 73.6 cm compared with 1225 kg ha–1, 24.9 kg hl–1, and 333 g kg–1, and 66.6 cm, respectively, for Montola 2000.
Breeder and Foundation seed will be maintained by the Foundation Seed Stocks Committee, Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717. Limited seed of Montola 2004 for research purposes is available on request from the corresponding author for at least 5 yr. U.S. Plant Variety Protection for Montola 2004 under the U.S. Plant Variety Protection Act has been granted (PVP Certificate No. 200200242). The cultivar shall only be sold as a class of Certified seed.
NOTES
Received for publication December 22, 2005.
REFERENCES
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