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REGISTRATIONS OF GERMPLASMS

Registration of 16 Striga Resistant Early Maturing Tropical Maize Inbred Lines

^a IITA, c/o L.W. Lambourn & Co., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, UK
^b Oregon State Univ., Crop Science Building, 107, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
^c OAU, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

^* Corresponding author (b.badu-apraku{at}cgiar.org)

Sixteen tropically adapted early maturing maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines TZEI 1 to TZEI 16 (Reg. no. GP-457 to GP-472, PI 641061 to PI 641076), with moderate levels of resistance to the parasitic weed, Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. (Table 1), were developed by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan. Striga is a major threat to increased maize production and productivity in the savanna ecologies of West and Central Africa (WCA) and can cause grain yield losses ranging from 10 to 100% (Lagoke et al., 1991). The lines, which are at the S₆ to S₇ stages were first released in 2001 as sources of genes for resistance or tolerance to Striga or tolerance to drought. The lines were also released for direct use as parents for the development of synthetic varieties. The inbred lines have good levels of resistance to Maize streak virus (MSV), Puccinia polysora Underw., and Bipolaris maydis (Nisikado & Miyake) Shoemaker. Seven of the 16 Striga tolerant early maturing maize inbred lines have moderate levels of drought tolerance.

View this table: [in this window] [in a new window]   Table 1. Mean grain yield and other agronomic characteristics of 16 tropical early zea inbreds (TZEI) under Striga hermonthica infested (inf) and/or noninfested (noninf) conditions, their parentage, and reaction to drought stress in the savanna ecology of West and Central Africa.

Two evaluation trials composed of 140 advanced early maturing inbred lines (S₆ to S₇) developed from the four source populations, and including the 16 being proposed for registration, were conducted at Ferke during the dry season and the rainy season of 2001. In the two trials, the 140 lines plus four inbred checks were evaluated for vigor, high stable grain yield, and desirable agronomic traits, using 12 by 12 simple lattice design with two replications in each season. In 2004, the performance of 100 advanced inbred lines from the source populations were confirmed using a 10 by 10 lattice in a third trial conducted at Mokwa (9°18'N, 5°04'E) and Abuja (9°16'N, 7°20'E). In the first and third trials, the performance of the lines was compared under artificial Striga infestation and Striga-free treatments. In the Striga infested treatment, the one-row plots were artificially infested with 5000 germinable Striga seeds per planting hole (Kling et al., 2000). Except for Striga seed infestation, all management practices for both Striga-infested and noninfested plots were the same.

In the second trial, the 140 inbred lines were evaluated in single-row plots under induced moisture-stress and well-watered conditions. There was one row per plot. The maize inbreds were irrigated using an overhead sprinkler irrigation system, which applied 12 mm of water per week. Under drought stress, the inbreds were irrigated up to 2 wk before flowering and thereafter, irrigation water was withdrawn until 2 wk after flowering. The irrigation was then continued until physiological maturity. Under well-watered condition, the inbreds were irrigated throughout the growing period. Grain yield, days to 50% anthesis and silking, anthesis–silking interval (ASI), grain moisture at harvest, and plant and ear heights were recorded for each plot.

Results of the evaluations under Striga-infested and noninfested conditions showed that the 16 inbred lines proposed for registration had high grain yield as well as good levels of Striga resistance or tolerance (Table 1). The lines shed pollen between 51 and 61 d, silked between 54 and 63 d, and had plant height varying from 89 to 138 cm and ear height varying from 43 to 70 cm. Results of the evaluations under induced moisture stress showed that only seven of the 16 inbred lines proposed for registration produced grain.

Small quantities of seed (50 kernels) of the inbred lines could be made available to crop researchers on request to the WECAMAN Coordinator, at the Maize Breeding Unit, IITA, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria. In the USA, small quantities of seed may be obtained from the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). We request that appropriate recognition of the source be given when the inbred lines contribute to an improved cultivar or germplasm.

NOTES

Research supported by grants from USAID. IITA Manuscript no. IITA/05/JA/07. Registration by CSSA.

Received for publication November 16, 2005.

REFERENCES

• Hallauer, A.R., and J.B. Miranda. 1988. Testers and combining ability. p. 267–298. In A.R. Hallauer and J.B. Miranda (ed.) Quantitative genetics in maize breeding. USA. Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames.
• Kling, J.G., J.M. Fajemisin, B. Badu-Apraku, A.O. Diallo, A. Menkir, and A. Melake-Berhan. 2000. Striga resistance breeding in maize. In B.I.G. Haussmann et al. (ed.) Breeding for Striga resistance in cereals. Proc. of a workshop held at IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria. 18–20 Aug. 1999. Margraf Verlag, Weikersheim, Germany.
• Lagoke, S.T.O., V. Parkinson, and R.M. Agunbiade. 1991. Parasitic weed control methods in Africa. p. 3–14. In S.K. Kim (ed.) Combating Striga in Africa. Proc. Int. Workshop (IITA, ICRISAT, and IDRC), Ibadan, Nigeria. 22–24 Aug. 1988. IITA, Ibadan.

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