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a Dep. of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences
b Dep. of Plant Pathology, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
c Dep. of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Lonoke, AR 72086
* Corresponding author (rbacon{at}uark.edu)
AR93005 (Reg. no. GP-801, PI 636471), a high-yielding soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with a novel resistance gene for leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks.), was developed by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. It was released in April 2004 for breeding and experimental purposes.
AR93005 was derived from the cross made of ‘Wakefield’ (PI 547040; Starling et al., 1991)/KS91WGRC11 (PI 566668). KS91WGRC11 (Cox et al., 1994b) was developed by Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and USDA-ARS. KS91WGRC11 is a BC2 F2 line with the hard red winter wheat ‘Century’ (Smith et al., 1989) as the recurrent parent which contains a resistance gene for leaf rust (subsequently named Lr42) derived from Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. accession TA 2450 (Cox et al., 1994a). KS91WGRC11 has poor adaptation and end-use quality for the soft red winter wheat region. Wakefield is a high-quality soft red winter wheat with wide adaptation that was developed at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and released in 1990. The resulting population was grown as a bulk during the F2 and F3 generations. Single head selections were made from the F3 bulk population. Single head selections were again made from the F4 head rows to establish F5 head rows. AR93005 originated from an F5 head row selection made at Fayetteville, AR, in 1998. It was field tested in replicated nurseries in Arkansas from 2000 to 2003 as AR 93005–6-1 (a total of 12 location–years). In 2003 it was also tested in the Gulf Atlantic regional trial at seven locations (Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia).
Seedling tests at the USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN, indicated that AR93005 had a low infection type when inoculated with eight leaf rust races. Races screened (and the resulting infection type) were: CDBD (;), FMML (;), LBBK (;1c), MCRR (;), NBGT (;), MBDS (;1c), TNGJ (;), and TNRS (;2c). Greenhouse tests of AR93005 at the University of Arkansas with the parental lines and three races indicated that AR93005 had similar infection types as KS91WGRC11. AR93005 had the following infection types with the three races PNMT (;1), TLGM (;1), and TLRT (;1), whereas KS91WGRC11 had the infection types of PNMT (1;), TLGM (;1), and TLRT (;1). It is therefore likely that AR93005 inherited the resistance gene from KS91WGRC11. The resistance in AR 93005 has been effective under field trials. Data from 2002 and 2003 disease screening nurseries indicate resistance to leaf rust under inoculated field conditions with AR93005 having an average rating of 0% compared to 34% for the check ‘Sabbe’ (PI 614729; Bacon et al., 2002). Field notes taken in Arkansas breeding nurseries under natural infection from 2000 to 2003 and from the seven-state Gulf Atlantic nursery in 2003 validate that AR93005 is resistant under field conditions. In the Gulf Atlantic nursery, AR93005 had 0% infection compared to 4% for USG 3209.
AR93005 has excellent yield potential, end-use quality, and agronomic characteristics. AR93005 had a heading date 1 d later than Sabbe (20 April vs. 19 April) and is approximately 2 cm shorter. Spikes are awned with glabrous glumes that are white at maturity. Anthers are yellow. Kernels are red, midlong, and elliptical; crease is midwide and middeep; cheeks are rounded; and the brush is midsized, midlong, and not collared.
Across four Arkansas locations from 2001 to 2003, AR93005 had slightly lower grain yield compared to Sabbe (4704 vs. 4939 kg ha–1, respectively) but had a slightly higher grain volume weight of 717 kg m–3, compared to 691 kg m–3 for Sabbe. AR93005 has very good straw strength with lodging scores from 2002 and 2003 for six field trials of 5% compared to 2% for the stiff-strawed Sabbe and 28% for the susceptible ‘Coker 9663’. AR93005 has good winterhardiness for its area of adaptation, showing no winter kill in Arkansas in 12 trials from 2000 to 2003.
Seed from AR93005 was tested in 2001 for end-use quality characteristics at the USDA-ARS Soft Wheat Quality Laboratory in Wooster, OH. Results indicated that AR93005 has good soft wheat milling and baking characteristics. Individual quality parameters from these tests indicated flour yield of 71.5% for AR93005 and 72.9% for Sabbe; softness equivalence of 58.4% for AR93005 compared to 53.7% for Sabbe; micro alkaline water retention capacity of 54.5% for AR93005 and 53.8% for Sabbe; flour protein content of 10.1% for both AR93005 and Sabbe; and a lactic acid retention value of 110.7 compared to 82.3 for Sabbe.
In addition to resistance to leaf rust, AR93005 is resistant to prevalent local races of stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend.) (0% infection compared to 41% for Coker 9663) and moderately resistant to Wheat soilborne mosaic virus (rating of 1.5 compared to 5.2 for Coker 9663 on a 0–9 scale) and Septoria leaf blotch (caused by Septoria tritici Roberge in Desmaz.). It is not known whether any of these resistance genes are derived from T. tauschii. AR93005 is moderately susceptible to Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus and susceptible to tan spot [caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs.].
Seed will be maintained by the small-grain breeding program. Small quantities of seed will be available on written request. Programs receiving seed will be encouraged to give appropriate recognition of the source when the germplasm is used in development of new cultivars, parental lines, germplasm, or genetic stocks.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors acknowledge the contribution of the USDA-ARS/Kansas State University/Wheat Genetics Resource Center efforts in transferring the resistance gene to Triticum aestivum and thank them for sharing seed of KS91WGRC11. The authors thank the personnel at the USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Lab at St. Paul, MN, for providing seedling leaf rust data and the personnel at the USDA-ARS Soft Wheat Quality Lab in Wooster, OH, for providing end-use quality data.
NOTES
Published with the approval of the Director, Arkansas Agric. Exp. Stn. The research was supported in part by grants from the Arkansas Wheat Promotion Board. Registration by CSSA.
Received for publication April 5, 2005.
REFERENCES
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