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a Plant Science Dep., South Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD 57007
b Agricultural Research and Extension Center, West Amarillo, TX 79106
c USDA-ARS and Dep. of Plant Pathology, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
* Corresponding author (Karl.Glover{at}sdstate.edu)
‘Granger’ (Reg. no. CV-989, PI 636134) hard red spring wheat (HRSW) (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed at South Dakota State University (SDSU) and released by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station to Registered seed producers during March 2004. Granger was released for its superior yield potential in South Dakota and the northern Great Plains. Additionally, Granger is moderately resistant to Fusarium head blight (FHB) {caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch]} and has excellent end-use quality and large seed.
The population from which Granger was derived was created by a two-parent cross SD8070/SD3165 made at Brookings, SD, during autumn 1994. Both SD8070 and SD3165 are unreleased experimental lines developed by the SDSU-HRSW breeding program. The pedigree of SD8070 is ‘Guard’ (CItr 17934) (Cholick et al., 1984)/‘Sharp’ (PI 540401) (Cholick et al., 1992) and that of SD3165 is ‘Butte 86’/3/‘Mexico Dwarf’/‘Baca’ (CItr 15891)//‘Vona’ (CItr 17441)/4/‘Pioneer 2375’. The F1 plants were grown in a single head row at a winter nursery near Yuma, AZ, during winter 1995–1996. Unreplicated F2 yield trial plots were sown during spring 1996 at Aurora and South Shore, SD. Additional seeds from the population were also spaced-planted at Aurora. After harvest of yield trial plots, 20 disease-free plants from the corresponding spaced-planted plot were harvested and individually threshed. All 20 heads were used to grow independent F2:3 rows at the Arizona nursery during winter 1996–1997. The F2:4 yield trial plots from five selected rows were sown at Aurora and South Shore during spring 1997. Before harvest of F2:4 yield trial plots, 20 individual plant selections were made by harvesting heads from agronomically acceptable and disease-free plants. Selected heads from a single plot that was chosen for advancement were threshed singly and sown as F4:5 rows in Arizona during winter 1997–1998. The F4:6 yield trial plots were sown at Aurora and South Shore during 1998 with seed from a single head row selected for advancement from the Arizona nursery. Bulked F4:7 seed from 1998 yield trials gave rise to the population that was designated SD3546 as it was chosen for inclusion in replicated Preliminary Yield Trial tests in 1999. This decision was based on the performance of SD3546 in terms of grain yield, test weight, and resistance to FHB. It was included in Advanced Yield Trials (AYT) from 2000 through 2004. It was simultaneously included in SDSU Crop Performance Testing (CPT) yield trials from 2001 through 2004, in Uniform Regional Spring Wheat Nursery trials from 2001 through 2003, and also in the 2003 Wheat Quality Council trials.
Based on 32 AYT location–years, the heading date of Granger was significantly (P < 0.05) earlier by approximately 2.0, 1.3, 0.6, and 0.5 d than ‘Chris’ (CItr 13751), ‘Russ’ (PI 592785), ‘Oxen’ (PI 596770), and Butte 86, respectively. The heading date of Granger was significantly (P < 0.05) later than ‘Briggs’ (PI 632970) by approximately 0.5 d. The plant height of Granger was significantly (P < 0.05) shorter (9 cm) than Chris. It was similar (0.3 and 0.8 cm taller) to Butte 86 and Russ, but significantly (P < 0.05) taller (3.0 and 7.0 cm) than Briggs and Oxen, respectively. Over 18 AYT location–years, the amount of lodging that was observed in Granger (1.95) was significantly (P < 0.05) less than Chris (2.56), Pioneer 2375 (2.29), and Russ (2.10) though similar to Butte 86 (1.93), Oxen (1.90), and Briggs (1.83).
Grain yield of Granger tested over 40 AYT location–years averaged 3467 kg ha–1, which was similar to Briggs (3446 kg ha–1) and Russ (3386 kg ha–1) though significantly (P < 0.05) higher than Oxen (3250 kg ha–1), Butte 86 (3157 kg ha–1), and Chris (2386 kg ha–1). Grain volume weight of Granger was 753 kg m–3 in the same trials, significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the 724, 723, 722, 712, and 676 kg m–3 of Briggs, Oxen, Russ, Butte 86, and Chris, respectively. The protein concentration (141 g kg–1) of Granger tested over 28 CPT location–years was similar to Briggs (144 g kg–1), Oxen (142 g kg–1), and Russ (141 g kg–1), but significantly less than that of Chris (151 g kg–1).
Based on seedling stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn.) screening tests conducted on URN entries in 2002, Granger is resistant to races Pgt-HPHJ, -MCCF, -RHTS, -RTQQ, -QCCJ, and -QTHJ but moderately susceptible to Pgt-TPMK. Field reactions to leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks.) collected on URN entries in 2002 and 2003 show that Granger is moderately resistant to races that prevailed in the northern Great Plains. The population that gave rise to Granger was evaluated for FHB resistance throughout its development. Granger was included in a FHB field evaluation test that utilized artificial inoculation and overhead irrigation techniques (Rudd et al., 2001) conducted from 2002 through 2004 at Brookings (3 location–years). On the basis of this test, FHB disease index ratings (Stack et al., 1997) of Granger (29.6%) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the 76.0% recorded for ‘Wheaton’ (PI 469271), similar to Briggs (40.6%), and significantly higher than the 12.4% observed for ‘Sumai 3’ (PI 481542) the resistant check.
Throughout testing, Granger was observed to be a tall, semidwarf plant. It possesses middense, tapering, and inclined heads with awns and white medium length glumes, with wide acute beaks, and oblique medium width shoulders. Kernels are oval, red, and hard in texture with angular cheeks and a midsized collared brush. The germ is large and the width of the crease measured 60% or less of the kernel's width.
Composite grain samples collected from the URN harvests 2001 through 2003 were submitted for evaluation of milling and bread baking properties by the USDA-ARS Hard Spring Wheat Quality Laboratory in Fargo, ND. When compared to the check cultivars Pioneer 2375 and Chris, Granger had significantly (P < 0.05) larger kernels (35.3 versus 32.6 and 27.0 g 100 seed–1, respectively), and a higher (P < 0.05) flour extraction (598 versus 593 and 589 g kg–1, respectively). Granger's flour protein concentration of 134 g kg–1 was slightly higher than Pioneer 2375 (131 g kg–1) but lower than that of Chris (142 g kg–1). In bread baking tests, Granger's bake water absorption (623 g kg–1) was greater (P < 0.05) than both Pioneer 2375 (604 g kg–1) and Chris (602 g kg–1). Additionally, its loaf volume, though not statistically different, was high in comparison to Pioneer 2375 and Chris (209 versus 200 and 203 mL, respectively).
Breeder seed of Granger was created by sowing four drill strips that measured 1.67 by 212.0 m in which off-type and questionable plants were rogued on several occasions throughout the 2002 growing season. The South Dakota Foundation Seed Stocks Division (Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007) had Foundation seed of Granger available to seed producers for planting in 2004. Seed classes will be Breeder, Foundation, Registered, and Certified. Granger has received U.S. Plant Variety Protection (Cert. No. 200500005) under P.L. 910577 with the certification option. Small quantities of seed for research purposes may be obtained from the corresponding author for 5 yr from the date of this publication.
NOTES
Granger was developed with partial financial support from the South Dakota Wheat Commission and South Dakota Crop Improvement Association. Contribution no. 3512 from the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. Registration by CSSA.
Received for publication September 7, 2005.
REFERENCES
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