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a Aberdeen Research and Extension Center, P.O. Box 870, Univ. of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID 83210
b Professor, Texas A&M Agricultural Experiment Station, Amarillo, TX
c Univ. of Idaho, Dep. Plant, Soils, and Entomol. Sci., Moscow, ID 83844-2339
* Corresponding author (esouza{at}uidaho.edu)
‘Idaho 587’ (Reg. no. CV-990, PI 634567), soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), was developed by the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station for use by grain producers in the Pacific Northwest and released in July 2003. Idaho 587 is a backcross derivative of the soft white winter wheat cultivar Stephens with genetic tolerance to the imidazolinone class of herbicides developed by the BASF Corporation for use in controlling grassy weeds of wheat and generically given the name ‘Clearfield’.
Idaho 587 was derived from the third backcross of Stephens (Kronstad et al., 1978) to the imidazolinone-resistant line ‘FS4’ (synonym cv. 9804), with the backcross having the pedigree Stephens*4/FS4. Stephens was developed by Oregon State University as a publicly available cultivar and has been a dominant cultivar in the Pacific Northwest for over 20 yr due to its yield potential and durable resistance to stripe rust [caused by Puccinia striiformis (Westend.)]. The imidazolinone resistance in FS4 was derived through mutagenesis of the imidazolinone-susceptible cultivar Fidel, followed by selection of the mutagenized population with imidazolinone herbicides (Newhouse et al., 1992). The herbicide tolerance carried in FS4 is conditioned by an allele of the Als1 locus for acetolactate synthase with the allele designation Als1fid04. The BC3F2 seed of the cross Stephens*4/FS4 was developed by the American Cyanamid Corporation (subsequently acquired by BASF) at Texas A & M University and transferred to the University of Idaho under a material transfer agreement for utilization in selection and breeding.
In 1996, the BC3F2 population designated 9697WAG460 was planted at Aberdeen, ID, and individual plants similar in appearance to Stephens were selected in fall 1997. BC3F3 seeds of individual plant selections were planted at Aberdeen in fall 1997, with a random selection of heads collected in fall 1998 and planted as headrows at Aberdeen in fall 1998. Twenty BC3F2:3 seeds of individual plant selections were planted in the greenhouse in winter 1999 and treated with imazamox {2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-(methoxymethyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid, BASF Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC} to identify BC3F2 families homogeneous for plants that are homozygous for Als1fid04. Headrows derived from BC3F2 families homozygous for Als1fid04 were selected in spring 1999 for uniformity and general agronomic appearance.
Among these rows, a row designated W99–12–6 was harvested in 1999 and placed into yield testing and herbicide tolerance trials in southern Idaho in fall 1999. W99–12–6 was yield tested at Aberdeen in 1999–2000, then placed in multilocation yield trials in 2000–2001. In 2001 and 2002, W99–12–6 was evaluated under the breeding line number IDO587 in cooperative testing with Oregon State University, University of Idaho Extension Testing, and the University of Idaho Weed Science Program. In fall 2000, 400 heads were selected from W99–12–6 and planted in the field at Aberdeen. In spring 2001, the headrows were selected with imazamox herbicide for uniformity of tolerance, using a rate of 560 g ai ha–1, with an added non-ionic surfactant and urea–ammonium nitrate treatment to increase herbicide activity as per BASF herbicide label. Headrows were uniformly tolerant to imazamox. Several headrows not similar in appearance to Stephens were discarded. Remaining BC3F3:6 headrows (approximately 400) were harvested and planted at Aberdeen in fall 2001 to form breeder seed of Idaho 587. Idaho 587 has been stable and uniform for herbicide tolerance and appearance for 4 yr without variants.
Idaho 587 is most similar to the cultivar Stephens with an unpigmented coleoptile, dark-green foliage, and a prostrate to semi-erect fall growth habit. Idaho 587 is a semidwarf winter wheat that is approximately 85 cm tall at maturity, similar to Stephens and ‘Madsen’ (both 86 cm), but taller than ‘Brundage 96’ (83 cm) based on evaluations at 31 site–years of trials (Allan et al., 1989; Zemetra et al., 2003). Like Stephens, Idaho 587 is a medium maturity cultivar heading 159 d after January 1, approximately a day earlier than Stephens and 4 d earlier than Madsen, based on 10 site–years of trials. Idaho 587 has broad, recurved flag leaves, is awned, with yellow anthers at anthesis, and white-colored chaff at maturity. Idaho 587 has large, plump, oval, soft white seed with a wide crease, short brush, midsized embryo, and an average seed size of 46 mg (compared with 42 mg for Stephens). In replicated evaluations in Moscow, ID, Lewiston, ID, Pullman, WA, and Mount Vernon, WA, Idaho 587 had resistance to the to the dominant races of stripe rust (races PST-14, 22, 23, 26, 35, 40, 41, 45, 53, 61, 74, 78, 85, 91, 92, 93, 97, 98, 99), that is conditioned by both seedling and adult plant resistance genes. Idaho 587's stripe rust resistance is similar to Stephens and likely derives from that cultivar. Other disease resistances and susceptibilities for Idaho 587 are expected to be similar to Stephens (Kronstad et al., 1978).
The primary difference between Idaho 587 and Stephens is Idaho 587's tolerance to imazamox herbicide. In 2 yr of evaluation at Aberdeen, Moscow, Lewiston, and Nez Perce, ID and 1 yr of evaluation at Pendleton, OR, using one to four times the recommended rates of imazamox herbicide, Idaho 587 did not have significantly different response to imazamox than FS4, the source of Idaho 587's herbicide tolerance. In 2 yr of trials at Aberdeen, spring applications before jointing at a rate of 45 g ai ha–1 imazamox (non-ionic surfactant with urea–ammonium nitrate as per BASF label) was sufficient to kill 100% of the Stephens check but did not significantly reduce grain yield of Idaho 587.
In replicated yield trials, without imazamox applications in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington in 2001 to 2004 (total of 85 environments) Idaho 587 had a grain yield of 6.7 Mg ha–1, compared with 6.7 Mg ha–1 for Stephens, 6.6 Mg ha–1 for Brundage 96, and 6.6 Mg ha–1 for Madsen (standard error 0.3 Mg ha–1). In the same trials Idaho 587 had an average test weight of 756 kg m–3, compared with 755 kg m–3 for Stephens, 748 kg m–3 for Brundage 96, and 756 kg m–3 for Madsen (standard error 3 kg m–3). In 10 environments of irrigated trials where significant lodging occurred, Idaho 587 had approximately 6% of plants lodge, compared with 23% lodging for Stephens (standard error 5%). Winterhardiness of Idaho 587 in 85 environments of testing has been similar to Stephens (greater than 90% stand average for both genotypes). In seven environments of testing in southeastern Idaho locations with severe snow mold (Typhula spp.) infestations, Idaho 587 had an average spring stand of 58% compared with the winter hardy soft white wheat ‘Eltan’ (Peterson et al., 1991), which had a spring stand of 79% (standard error 4%). Idaho 587 is not recommended for productions in areas where snow mold is a limiting factor for wheat production.
Milling and baking evaluations of Idaho 587 were conducted by the University of Idaho Wheat Quality Laboratory at Aberdeen using standard AACC methods (AACC, 1998). In three sites across 2 yr of milling evaluations in Idaho (six test bakes of samples composited across two replications in each environment), Idaho 587 had an average flour yield of 685 g kg–1 of grain compared with 663 g kg–1 for Stephens, 649 g kg–1 for Brundage 96, and 685 g kg–1 for Madsen (standard error of means 8 g kg–1). Sugar snap cookie evaluations of the same flour for Idaho 587 produced an average cookie diameter of 8.47 cm compared with 8.27 cm for Stephens, 8.48 cm for Brundage 96, and 8.12 cm for Madsen (standard error of means 0.09 cm). Using standard protocols (Guttieri et al., 2001), solvent retention capacity analysis of flour from the six trials produced a sodium carbonate solvent retention (a measure of damaged starch) of 619 g kg–1 for Idaho 587, 628 g kg–1 for Stephens, 613 g kg–1 for Brundage 96, and 625 g kg–1 for Madsen (standard error of means 7 g kg–1). Lactic acid retention (a measure of gluten strength) in the same analyses was 813 g kg–1 for Idaho 587, 900 g kg–1 for Stephens, 877 g kg–1 for Brundage 96, and 890 g kg–1 for Madsen (standard error of means 7 g kg–1).
Foundation seed of Idaho 587 will be maintained by the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station and protected by U.S. Plant Variety Protection with the Title V restriction to pedigreed seed sales. Idaho 587 contains a patented herbicide tolerance trait owned by BASF Corp. that confers tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides, such as imazamox. Any use of Idaho 587 requires a material Transfer Agreement (for research use only) or a Commercial License to the trait, as well as permission from the originator. Contact the Idaho Research Foundation, University of Idaho Campus, Morrill Hall, Moscow, ID 83844, which will forward the request for seed to BASF Corporation. No seed will be distributed without written permission from both BASF and the University of Idaho for 20 yr from the date of release by the University of Idaho (2004), at which time the seed will also be available from the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution of field data provided by the cooperative extension network of field trials in Oregon and Washington, maintained by the Oregon State University and Washington State University, and their faculty, J. Peterson and J. Burns, respectively.
NOTES
Research funded in part by the Idaho Wheat Commission and the Idaho Agric. Exper. Stn. Hatch Project IDA 1222. Registration by CSSA.
Received for publication July 11, 2005.
REFERENCES
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