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a Dep. of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
b Dep. of Plant Pathology, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
c Dep. of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Lonoke, AR 72086
* Corresponding author (rbacon{at}uark.edu)
‘AR 910’ soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Reg. no. CV-981, PI 636470) was developed by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. It was released in September 2004 due to its resistance to stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend.) and consistently high grain yield under mid-South conditions.
AR 910 was derived from the cross of AR369–4-2/‘Bayles’ which was made in 1992. AR369–4-2 was a very early-maturing breeding line with the pedigree ‘Rosen’/FL 737. Rosen (Bacon et al., 1986) was a broadly adapted cultivar from the University of Arkansas and FL 737 was an early-maturing line from the University of Florida with the pedigree 71T8373/Purdue 6562A1–4-2//‘Blueboy II’/‘Coker 68–8’. Bayles was a cultivar released by the University of Georgia with the pedigree T76–864/‘McNair 1003’ (Newton et al., 1980). The population was grown as a bulk in the F2 and F3 generations at Stuttgart, AR, to allow natural selection for adaptation to wet soil conditions. Single head selections were made in the F4 bulk and subsequently in an F4:5 headrow based on plant height, maturity date, plant type, reaction to leaf rust (caused by P. triticina Eriks.), and reaction to Septoria leaf blotch [caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) Schröter (anamorph: Septoria tritici Roberge in Desmaz.)]. One of the resulting F5:6 experimental lines was designated as AR 910–9-1. During the F6 generation the line was advanced because of its early maturity and resistance to Wheat soilborne mosaic virus. During subsequent generations, it was advanced primarily due to grain volume weight and yield under Arkansas conditions. It was tested as AR 910–9-1 in the Arkansas Small-Grain Cultivar Performance Trials in 2002, 2003, and 2004 and in the USDA-ARS Uniform Southern and Uniform Eastern Soft Red Winter Wheat regional nursery in 2002, 2003, and 2004.
In three trials in Arkansas, under natural infection by Wheat soilborne mosaic virus, AR 910 was resistant with an average rating of 1 on a 0-to-9 scale, compared with the susceptible ‘AGS 2000’ (Johnson et al., 2002), with a rating of 6. AR 910 was resistant (2.3% severity) to stripe rust in inoculated screening nurseries at Fayetteville, AR, in 2002, 2003, and 2004 as compared to ‘Coker 9663’ which was susceptible with 39.4% severity. In a naturally infected nursery in Lewisville, AR, in 2005, AR 910 had 1% severity of stripe rust whereas Coker 9663 had 93%. In Arkansas trials in 2002 under natural infection, AR 910 exhibited resistance (0.7% severity) to leaf rust compared to 45% severity on the susceptible ‘Sabbe’ (Bacon et al., 2002). In an inoculated (race TNRL) screening nursery at Kibler, AR, in 2003, AR 910 had 10% severity compared with 36% severity on the susceptible Sabbe. According to seedling tests conducted by the USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN, AR 910 contains the gene Lr17 plus an unidentified gene(s) for leaf rust resistance. AR 910 is resistant to populations of powdery mildew (caused by Blumeria graminis DC. f. sp. tritici Ém. Marchal) found in Arkansas; having a 0% infection in a naturally infected nursery at Lewisville, AR, in 2004 compared with 35% infection for the susceptible ‘Dixie 900’. AR 910 is moderately susceptible to Septoria leaf blotch and susceptible to Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus and tan spot [caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs.]. Seedling tests conducted by USDA-ARS at West Lafayette, IN, indicate that AR 910 is susceptible to Hessian fly [caused by Mayetiola destructor (Say)] biotypes B, C, D, E, and L.
AR 910 is similar in plant height (approximately 96 cm) to ‘Pat’ (Bacon et al., 2004) but heads approximately 6 d earlier. Stems are hollow and have a long peduncle (approximately 36 cm), and anthocyanin is present. Anthers are yellow. At maturity, AR 910 has lax spikes which are apically awnletted and range in shape from fusiform to slightly oblong. The white glumes are glabrous, short and midwide with narrow, square shoulders and medium, acute beaks. Kernels are red, short to midlong and ovate, with a midsized germ; the kernel brush is midsized and not collared; the kernel crease is narrow in width and is middeep with rounded cheeks. Kernels on average are 6.8 mm long and 3.4 mm wide with a 1000-kernel weight of 34 g.
AR 910 was tested for end-use quality characteristics at the USDA-ARS Soft Wheat Quality Laboratory in Wooster, OH. Results from 16 site–years in the southern United States indicate that AR 910 soft wheat quality was similar to the check cultivar AGS 2000 (milling score of 83.1 for AR 910 compared with 85.9 for AGS 2000 and baking score of 62 for both AR 910 and AGS 2000). Individual quality parameters from these tests indicate a softness equivalence of 56.8% for AR 910 compared with 58.4% for AGS 2000, flour yield of 72.7% for AR 910 and 73.3% for AGS 2000, flour protein content of 94 g kg–1 for both AR 910 and AGS 2000, lactic acid retention value of 116.5 for AR 910 and 106.4 for AGS 2000, cookie diameter of 17.8 cm for both AR 910 and AGS 2000, and a cookie top grain score of 2.5 for AR 910 compared with 3.0 for AGS 2000.
Based on its grain yield and volume weight in experimental tests, AR 910 has excellent adaptation in Arkansas and the rest of the mid-South. Compared to Pat in 23 Arkansas Small Grain Cultivar Performance Tests in 2002, 2003, and 2004, AR 910 (4852 kg ha–1) yielded slightly less than Pat (4973 kg ha–1) but had a slightly higher yield in 2004 across the state variety tests in Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana, 5174 vs. 5060 kg ha–1, respectively. AR 910 has good winterhardiness for its area of adaptation, showing no winter kill in Arkansas in trials from 2002 to 2004. In 15 locations reporting winter damage in the 2002, 2003, and 2004 Uniform Eastern Nursery, winter survival of AR 910 (87.3%) was similar to the check ‘Caldwell’ (85.3%). Based on data from the seven tests in the 2002, 2003, and 2004 Arkansas Small-Grain Cultivar Performance Trials with substantial lodging (>5%), AR 910 had 14% lodging compared with 43% for Coker 9663.
Original breeder seed was derived from compositing seed from 145 F10:11 headrows selected for phenotypic uniformity. Breeder seed will be maintained by rouging and periodically growing headrows. AR 910 has been licensed to Lawhon Farm Services, Inc. of McCrory, AR 72101. U.S. Plant Variety Protection will not be applied for. Small quantities of seed for research purposes are available on request from the corresponding author.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors thank the personnel at the USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Lab at St. Paul, MN for providing disease screening data and the personnel at the USDA-ARS Soft Wheat Quality Lab in Wooster, OH, for providing end-use quality data.
NOTES
Published with the approval of the Director, Arkansas Agric. Exp. Stn. The research was supported in part by grants from the Arkansas Wheat Promotion Board. Registration by CSSA.
Accepted for publication September 30, 2005.
REFERENCES
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