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a Dep. of Agronomy & Plant Genetics, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
b USDA-ARS, St. Paul, MN 55108
c Univ. of Minnesota, Crookston, MN 56716
d Dep. of Plant Pathology, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
e USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND 58105
* Corresponding author (ander319{at}umn.edu)
‘Ulen’ is a hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Reg. no. CV-984, PI 639921) cultivar developed and released by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with USDA-ARS in January 2005. Ulen was released on the basis of its high grain yield, high grain protein content, and early maturity. Ulen was named after a town in its region of adaptation in northwest Minnesota.
Ulen was derived from the cross MN92044/HJ98, made in 1994. The unreleased experimental line MN92044 has the pedigree ‘Grandin’/‘Nordic’. Grandin (PI 531005) was developed and released from North Dakota State University in 1989 and Nordic (PI 506405) was developed and released by Nickerson American Plant Breeders, Inc. in 1986. The cultivar HJ98 (Busch et al., 2000) was released by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with USDA-ARS in 1998.
The F2 population producing Ulen was selected for resistance to leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks.) and stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.: Pers.) resistance in a field planting at St. Paul in 1995. The F3 generation was advanced by single seed descent in a greenhouse. The selection resulting in Ulen was a single plant selected for leaf and stem rust resistance and acceptable plant height from an F4 headrow in 1996 and this seed was increased in a winter nursery in Arizona during 1996 and 1997. This selection was tested under the experimental designation MN97803 in yield trials from 1997 through 2001 and following purification as MN97803-A in 2002 through 2004. The purification process was initiated in 2000 when 100 heads from F4:9 plants of MN97803 were harvested and grown as individual headrows in a winter increase in Arizona. Ninety-five of these rows were selected based on uniformity of height. The 95 selections were evaluated for agronomic characteristics at St. Paul in 2001. Sixty-one were selected based on uniformity of heading date, height, and straw strength and equal amounts of seed from each selection were bulked to form MN97803-A.
MN97803-A and MN97803 were evaluated in replicated yield trials in 2002. No differences (P > 0.05) in grain yield between MN97803 and MN97803-A were identified, although MN97803-A was more uniform for plant height than MN97803. Off-type plants that are approximately 10 cm taller occur in MN97803-A at a frequency of about 3 in 10 000.
Approximately 1000 kg of Breeder seed of MN97803-A was produced in 2002 by the Minnesota Crop Improvement Association and further increased in Minnesota in 2003 and 2004. MN97803-A was released as Ulen in 2005.
Ulen has erect juvenile plant growth, a recurved flag leaf, white glumes with an oblique shoulder and an acuminate beak. The spike is awned, middense, and tapering. The kernel is red and ovate in shape with angular cheeks and a narrow, middeep crease. The brush on the kernel has a collar and is medium in length.
Ulen was tested as MN97803 and MN97803-A in Minnesota statewide yield trials from 2000 through 2004. Ulen is relatively early maturing and produces spikes 2.3 d earlier than HJ98 and 0.5 d earlier than ‘Oxen’ (PI 596770), the most widely grown cultivar in Minnesota since the late 1990s. Ulen is a semidwarf cultivar and averages 87 cm, 4 cm taller than HJ98 and Oxen in Minnesota trials. In 34 trials conducted from 2000 thru 2004 at seven Minnesota sites, Ulen yielded 4404 kg ha–1, similar (P > 0.05) to HJ98 (4300 kg ha–1) and Oxen (4403 kg ha–1). Ulen was evaluated in 21 environments in Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota in the Uniform Regional Hard Red Spring Wheat Nursery in 2000 and 2001 and yielded an average of 3597 kg ha–1 compared with an average of 3306 and 3496 kg ha–1 produced by the check cultivars, ‘2375’ (PI 601477, syn. Pioneer 2375) and ‘Verde’ (PI 592561, Busch et al., 1996), respectively. Ulen has medium straw strength and a lodging rating of 2.5 on a scale of 0 (erect) to 9 (lodged) in 21 environments at which lodging occurred from 2000 thru 2004. The cultivars HJ98 and Oxen had lodging ratings of 2.7 and 1.9, respectively in the same trials.
Ulen is moderately susceptible to Fusarium head blight (FHB, caused primarily by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) in misted, inoculated field nurseries, similar to the reaction of Oxen. In 11 FHB nurseries from 2001 thru 2004, Ulen averaged 32% diseased spikelets, 22% visually scabby kernels (VSK), and 12.6 mg kg–1 of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). The check 2375 averaged 28% diseased spikelets, 14% VSK, and 8.0 mg kg–1 DON. In the same trials, the resistant check ‘BacUp’ (PI 596533, Busch et al., 1998) and the susceptible check ‘Wheaton’ (PI 469271, Busch et al., 1984) averaged 13 and 65% diseased spikelets, 9.8 and 57% VSK, and 5.7 and 22.4 mg kg–1 DON, respectively. On the basis of cooperative evaluations through the USDA Regional Testing program, Ulen is highly resistant to prevalent races (QFCS, QTHJ, RCRS, TPMK, and TTTT) of stem rust at the seedling and adult plant stages. Since the beginning of field evaluation in 1995, natural infection by stem rust on Ulen has not been observed. Based on low seedling infection types to races MCDS, SBDG, and BBBG, Ulen was postulated to have seedling leaf rust resistance genes Lr10 and Lr23. Seedling plants of Ulen are susceptible to common races such as THBJ, TDBJ, and MBRJ. However Ulen is moderately resistant in field plots to a mixture of common leaf rust races, which indicated that it has adult plant resistance genes. Field reaction to the foliar diseases tan spot [caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs.] and Septoria tritici blotch (caused by Septoria tritici Roberge ex Desmaz.) is moderate for Ulen, better than HJ98 and Oxen.
The USDA Spring Wheat Quality Laboratory, Fargo, ND, evaluated bread-making properties of Ulen grown in a total of 13 environments from 2001 thru 2003. Ulen had an average grain volume weight of 783 kg m–3, grain protein of 146 g kg–1, and loaf volume of 211 cm3 when using a baking recipe including 100 g of flour. Compared to HJ98, Ulen is 15 kg m–3 higher (significant at P < 0.01) in grain volume weight, 10 g kg–1 higher (P < 0.01) in grain protein, and 4% higher (P > 0.05) in loaf volume. Compared to Oxen, Ulen is 13 kg m–3 higher (P < 0.01) in grain volume weight, 8 g kg–1 higher (P < 0.01) in grain protein, and similar (P > 0.05) in loaf volume. Ulen's average mixograph score was 3.2 on a 1-to-9 scale (1 = weakest, 9 = strongest) whereas HJ98 and Oxen were rated as 3.5 and 3.4, respectively, similar to Ulen (P > 0.05). Ulen is rated as moderately susceptible to preharvest sprouting in tests using intact spikes harvested at physiological maturity and scored for preharvest sprouting on a scale of 1 (no visible sprouting) to 10 (extensive sprouting over entire spike) after 7 d in a dew chamber at 22°C. In six tests conducted from 2002 to 2004, Ulen had a preharvest sprouting rating of 3.6, which was significantly worse (P < 0.05) than HJ98 and Oxen that had ratings of 2.5 and 1.9, respectively, but significantly better (P < 0.05) than ‘Ingot’ that had a rating of 4.5. Most other hard red spring wheat cultivars in the region have resistant ratings (<2.0) to preharvest sprouting.
The Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, St. Paul, MN 55108 will maintain Breeder seed of Ulen. Foundation seed will be produced and maintained by the Minnesota Crop Improvement Association, 1900 Hendon Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108. Application has been made for U.S. Plant Variety Protection with seed certification option. Small quantities of seed for research purposes may be obtained from J. A. Anderson.
NOTES
Cooperative investigations of the Minnesota Agric. Exp. Stn. and USDA-ARS, and supported in part by a grant from the Minnesota Wheat Research and Promotion Council. Registration by CSSA.
Accepted for publication October 31, 2005.
REFERENCES
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