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REGISTRATIONS OF GERMPLASMS

Registration of Common Bacterial Blight Resistant Dark Red Kidney Bean Germplasm Line USDK-CBB-15

^a USDA-ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res. Unit, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350
^b USDA-ARS, Crop Genetics & Production Res. Unit, P.O. Box 345, Stoneville, MS 38776-0345
^c Univ. of Idaho, Kimberly Research & Extension Center, Kimberly, ID 83341

^* Corresponding author (pmiklas{at}pars.ars.usda.gov)

Dark red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm line USDK-CBB-15 (Reg. no. GP-244, PI 639867) was developed by USDA-ARS in cooperation with the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station and released in 2005. This line was bred specifically for a high level of resistance to common bacterial blight [caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Smith) Vauterin et al. (Xap)] which is a major seed-transmitted disease that limits kidney bean production in Colorado, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New York, North Dakota, and Wisconsin. Also, Xap adversely affects seed production in California, Idaho, Washington, Wyoming, and other western states where there is a zero tolerance policy enforced for common bacterial blight and infected fields are plowed down. Genetic resistance in the host provides the most effective control of this disease, and planting certified pathogen-free seed is critical. USDK-CBB-15 possesses two major quantitative trait loci (QTL) and perhaps other minor genes that confer a high level of resistance to Xap. Marker-assisted selection using the SAP6 (Miklas et al., 2003) and SU91 (Pedraza et al., 1997; Miklas et al., 2000) sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers tightly linked with QTL derived from great northern landrace cultivar Montana No.5 and breeding line XAN 159, respectively, enabled us to expedite development of USDK-CBB-15 to combat this entrenched disease problem in the U.S.

USDK-CBB-15 (previously tested as PS99–009F-5–15–1) derives from a "modified" backcrossing scheme (dark red kidney*4/XAN 159); modified, because a different dark red kidney parent was used for each backcross, and the initial cross underwent two generations of pedigree selection. Thus, USDK-CBB-15 is a modified BC₃F_1:4 bulk from the cross K97305/3/SVM-2242//I9566–21–4-2/‘Montcalm’. K97305 is an advanced dark red kidney breeding line from Michigan State University with high yield potential. SVM-2242 is an early-maturing dark red kidney breeding line from Sacramento Valley Milling. I9566–21–4-2 is an F₃ derived line from the cross Montcalm/XAN 159 that was selected for presence of SAP6 and SU91 markers in Prosser, WA (USDA-ARS), and resistance to common bacterial blight in greenhouse leaf inoculation assays conducted at the Tropical Agricultural Research Station in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico (USDA-ARS). XAN 159 with the pedigree UI-114/PI319441//PI319443/3/‘Masterpiece’ is an advanced breeding line from CIAT with resistance to common bacterial blight derived from tepary bean (P. acutifolius A. Gray var. latifolius Freeman) via interspecific hybridization (Thomas and Waines, 1984). XAN 159 is the source of a major resistance QTL linked with the SU91 SCAR marker also developed at CIAT (Pedraza et al., 1997). Montcalm with the pedigree GN No.1/‘Dark Red Kidney’ is a dark red kidney cultivar from Michigan State University with moderate resistance to common bacterial blight conferred by a major QTL linked with the SAP6 SCAR marker (developed by USDA-ARS, Prosser, WA) that was derived from Montana No.5 via Great Northern No.1 (Miklas et al., 2003).

Marker-assisted selection was employed for each backcross to identify BC_nF₁ plants with the SAP6 and SU91 markers for subsequent backcrossing with the susceptible dark red kidney parents. From the last backcross a BC₃F₁ plant (PS99–009F) with both markers was selfed to produce an F₂ progeny which was planted in the field in Prosser, WA, and screened for seed type. F₃ progenies from F₂ single plant selections (PS99–009F-5) were tested for reaction to common bacterial blight in leaf inoculation tests conducted at the USDA-ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station at Mayagüez, PR. An individual F₃ plant (PS99–009F-5–15) with a high level of resistance and confirmed to possess SAP6 and SU91 markers was selfed to produce an F₄ progeny which was screened for common bacterial blight reaction at Mayagüez. An F₄ plant (PS99–009F-5–15–1) with a high level of resistance was selected to produce USDK-CBB-15 that was subsequently increased for three generations and evaluated in multiple greenhouse tests for reaction to common bacterial blight and examined in the field for yield and maturity.

USDK-CBB-15, in a greenhouse leaf inoculation test conducted at Kimberly, ID, in January 2004, had a mean disease score of 2 on the basis of a 1-to-9 scale where 1 is no visible infection and 9 is completely susceptible. In comparison, the common bacterial blight resistant dark red kidney bean line USDK-CBB-10, released by USDA-ARS, Prosser, WA, in 2001 (Miklas et al., 2001), which possesses the SAP6 QTL had a mean disease score of 7. In a repeated test in December 2004, USDK-CBB-15 scored 3.6 compared to 8.6 for USDK-CBB-10 and 8.7 for Montcalm. USDK-CBB-15 possesses both the SAP6 and SU91 markers linked with major QTL for resistance derived from Montana No.5 (via Montcalm) and tepary bean (via XAN 159), respectively. Thus, USDK-CBB-15 exhibits a much higher level of resistance to common bacterial blight than USDK-CBB-10 and Montcalm.

USDK-CBB-15 exhibits a Type I determinate bush growth habit typical of kidney bean. Yield was 108% of ‘Red Hawk’ dark red kidney (Kelly et al., 1995) at Othello, WA, in 2004. Average weight of 100 seeds was 52 g and equal to Red Hawk. USDK-CBB-15 matured in 98 d, 2 d later than Red Hawk. Seed appearance was rated commercially acceptable for the dark red kidney market class. USDK-CBB-15 also exhibits a hypersensitive resistance response to the NL-3 strain of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) in Prosser greenhouse tests, which infers presence of the I gene for resistance to Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV).

USDK-CBB-15 will be most useful for incorporating resistance to common bacterial blight in the dark red kidney market class, but also other large-seeded Andean dry and garden bean.

Seed will be maintained by USDA-ARS at Prosser, WA, and provided in small quantities on written request. We ask that appropriate recognition of source be given when this germplasm contributes to the development of a new cultivar or germplasm line.

NOTES

Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication September 30, 2005.

REFERENCES

• Kelly, J.D., G.L. Hosfield, G.V. Varner, M.A. Uebersax, L.K. Afanador, and J. Taylor. 1995. Registration of ‘Red Hawk’ dark red kidney bean. Crop Sci. 38:280–281.
• Miklas, P.N., D.P. Coyne, K.F. Grafton, N. Mutlu, J. Reiser, D. Lindgren, and S.P. Singh. 2003. A major QTL for common bacterial blight resistance derives from the common bean great northern landrace cultivar Montana No.5. Euphytica 131:137–146.[CrossRef]
• Miklas, P.N., J.R. Smith, and J.D. Kelly. 2001. Release of kidney and cranberry bean germplasm lines USLK-CBB-9, USDK-CBB-10, USDK-CBB-11, USCR-CBB-12, and USCR-CBB-13 with resistance to common bacterial blight and anthracnose. Annu. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 44:181–182.
• Miklas, P.N., J.R. Smith, R. Riley, K.F. Grafton, S.P. Singh, G. Jung, and D.P. Coyne. 2000. Marker-assisted breeding for pyramided resistance to common bacterial blight in common bean. Annu. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 43:39–40.
• Pedraza, F., G. Gallego, S. Beebe, and J. Tohme. 1997. Marcadores SCAR y RAPD para la resistencia a la bacteriosis comun (CBB). p. 130–134. In S.P. Singh and O. Voysest (ed.) Taller de mejoramiento de frijol para el siglo XXI: Bases para una estrategia para America Latina. CIAT, Cali, Colombia.
• Thomas, C.V., and J.G. Waines. 1984. Fertile backcross and allotetraploid plants from crosses between tepary beans and common beans. J. Hered. 75:93–98.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

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