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REGISTRATIONS OF CULTIVARS

Registration of ‘Flor de Mayo 2000’ Common Bean

^a Bean Program of INIFAP, Apartado Postal No.186, Durango, Durango, Mexico
^b Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI. 48824

^* Corresponding author (fcojip{at}hotmail.com)

‘Flor de Mayo 2000’ common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Reg. no. CV-249, PI 639264) was developed and released by the ‘Valle del Guadiana’ Experiment Station of the National Research Institute for Agriculture, Forestry and Livestock (INIFAP) of Mexico as a high-yielding, disease-resistant cultivar for rainfed conditions in the highlands of Mexico. The commercial flor de mayo bean class in Mexico is classified as a medium-sized bean with a light pink–purple circular marbling pattern on a chamois (cream) background that becomes progressively less frequent from the hilum to the dorsal side of the seed.

Flor de Mayo 2000, tested as FM94050, was derived from the cross, RIZ30/‘Flor de Mayo M38’, made in 1989 at the Pabellón Experiment Station, Aguascalientes, Mexico to improve disease resistance of the flor de mayo seed class. Flor de Mayo M38 is an indeterminate Type III, 105-d maturity, disease resistant cultivar adapted to the highlands of Mexico (Acosta-Gallegos et al., 1995). RIZ30 is an anthracnose [caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lambs.-Scrib.] resistant, small-medium red mottled breeding line with an upright indeterminate (Type II) growth habit that was developed at CIAT, Cali, Colombia. The F₁ plants were advanced in the greenhouse and the F₂ and F₃ generations were advanced in bulk at Pabellón, Aguascalientes. The F₄ populations were planted at four different locations in the highlands of Mexico and individual plants were selected on the basis of plant vigor, pod load, and disease resistance. F_4:5 families were advanced in a winter nursery at Los Mochis, Sinaloa, on the west coast of Mexico. F_4:6 families were planted in rows at both the Valle del Guadiana Experiment Station in Durango and Calera Experiment Station in Zacatecas and individual plant selections were made based on disease reaction, earliness, and plant vigor. The F_6:7 and F_6:9 lines were increased in an irrigated winter nursery at Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico, while the F_6:8 and F_6:10 lines continued to be evaluated in the highlands at F.I. Madero, Durango, Mexico. The F_6:10 breeding line, coded FM94050, entered replicated trials in 1994.

Flor de Mayo 2000 was tested extensively in both the subhumid (average annual rainfall, 800 mm) and semiarid (450 mm) highlands of Mexico (>1900 m asl) for yield and agronomic traits at 23 locations from 1994 to 2003. In the subhumid highlands, Flor de Mayo 2000 averaged 2200 kg ha^–1 and out-yielded the check cultivars Flor de Mayo M38 and ‘Flor de Mayo Bajío’ by 5 and 52%, respectively. In the semiarid highlands, Flor de Mayo 2000 averaged 1850 kg ha^–1 and out-yielded the predominant cultivars in the region, ‘Flor de Mayo Sol’ and Flor de Mayo Bajío by 6 and 31%, respectively.

Flor de Mayo 2000 averaged 40 cm in height and exhibits an indeterminate Type IIIa growth habit, with pod distribution throughout the plant canopy. Flor de Mayo 2000 produces white blossoms and flowers 45 d after planting, although flowering is delayed at elevations above 2300 m asl in the subhumid highlands. Flor de Mayo 2000 is a midseason cultivar, maturing 94 d after planting with a range in maturity from 90 to 99 d, depending on season and altitude. Flor de Mayo 2000 matures 10 d later than Flor de Mayo Bajío and 15 d earlier than most flor de mayo landrace varieties.

Flor de Mayo 2000 carries the single dominant hypersensitive I gene for resistance to Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) but is sensitive to the necrosis-inducing strains of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV), which induce the black root reaction. Strains of BCMNV are relatively infrequent in the highlands of Mexico (Flores-Estévez et al., 2003). In Central Mexico, Flor de Mayo 2000 has not exhibited field symptoms of anthracnose or rust [caused by Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.:Pers.) Unger var. appendiculatus] in spite of the large number of physiological races detected in the region (Araya et al., 1996; Balardín et al., 1997; Gonzalez et al., 1998). Flor de Mayo 2000 is resistant to local isolates of halo blight [caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Burkholder) Young et al.]; and is tolerant to local isolates of common bacterial blight [caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Smith) Vauterin et al.], and root rots (primarily caused by Fusarium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn) in the highlands.

Flor de Mayo 2000 produces a typical flor de mayo seed with a pink–purple marbled pattern on a cream background. Seed size is medium and averages 28.3 g 100 seed^–1, ranging from 27.6 to 32.3 g 100 seed^–1 depending on location. The seed is similar in size, shape and color to common highland landraces in the flor de mayo class, but larger in size than Flor de Mayo Bajío. Average cooking time for cultivar Flor de Mayo 2000 is slightly longer (66 min) than the time for Flor de Mayo Bajío (61 min), but is less than the time for Flor de Mayo M38 (71 min).

Breeder and Foundation seed of Flor de Mayo 2000 is maintained at the Valle del Guadiana Experiment Station and small samples for research purposes can be obtained from the corresponding author.

NOTES

The authors thank: Eng. R. Zandate, MS P. Fernández-Hernández, MS S. Nuñez González for their help in conducting the field trials. The research was supported in part by the Grant No. DAN-G-SS-86-00008-00 from the USAID Bean/Cowpea-CRSP. Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication May 31, 2005.

REFERENCES

• Acosta-Gallegos, J.A., J.Z. Castellanos, S. Nuñez-González, R. Ochoa-Márquez, R. Rosales-Serna, and S.P. Singh. 1995. Registration of ‘Flor de Mayo M38’ common bean. Crop Sci. 35:941.[Free Full Text]
• Araya, C.M., J.R. Steadman, and J.A. Acosta-Gallegos. 1996. Pathogenic variability of Uromyces appendiculatus on dry edible beans in Mexico. Annu. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 39:150–151.
• Balardín, R.S., A.M. Jarosz, and J.D. Kelly. 1997. Virulence and molecular diversity in Colletotrichum lindemuthianum from South, Central and North America. Phytopathology 87:1184–1191.[Medline]
• Flores-Estévez, N., J.A. Acosta-Gallegos, and L. Silva-Rosales. 2003. Bean common mosaic virus and bean common mosaic necrosis virus in Mexico. Plant Dis. 87:21–25.
• Gonzalez, M., R. Rodríguez, M.E. Zavala, J.J. Jacobo, F. Hernández, J.A. Acosta-Gallegos, O. Mártinez, and J.P. Simpson. 1998. Characterization of Mexican isolates of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum by using differential cultivars and molecular markers. Phytopathology 88:292–299.[Medline]

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