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REGISTRATIONS OF CULTIVARS

Registration of ‘Carrizalito’ Small Red Bean

^a Escuela Agrícola Panamericana, Zamorano, P.O. Box 93, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
^b Agronomy and Soil Department, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 00681
^c DICTA, Secretaría de Agricultura y Ganadería, Danlí, Honduras
^d Instituto Nacional de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología Agropecuaria (PITTA), San José, Costa Rica
^e Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica

^* Corresponding author (jcrosas{at}zamorano.edu)

Small red dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) ‘Carrizalito’ (Reg. no. CV-247, PI 639174) was developed at the Escuela Agricola Panamericana (EAP), Zamorano, Honduras, and released for Honduras in 2003 and Costa Rica in 2004, in collaboration with the National Bean Programs of Honduras and Costa Rica, and the University of Puerto Rico. Carrizalito is a high yielding, disease resistant cultivar, adapted to the midaltitude (800–1200 m asl) bean production regions of Central America.

Carrizalito was an F_2:6 derived line from the cross ‘Tio Canela 75’/DICTA 105. Tio Canela 75 has small red seed and resistance to Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV) (Rosas et al., 1997). DICTA 105 is a bean pod weevil (Trichapion godmani Wagner) resistant small red breeding line from the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, and the Direccion de Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria (DICTA), Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Carrizalito is a sister line of the small red bean cultivar ‘Amadeus 77’ released for Central America in 2003 (Rosas et al., 2004).

The F₁ was grown in a screen house. Individual F₂ plants were selected in the field at Zamorano for upright architecture and early maturity (70 d). The F₃ to F₆ families were evaluated during 1996 to 1998 for agronomic traits as well as for resistance to natural incidence of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), anthracnose [caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams.-Scrib.], angular leaf spot [caused by Phaeoisariopsis griseola (Sacc.) Ferraris], and web blight [caused by Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk.]. Artificial inoculations with local isolates of the common bacterial blight (CBB) pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Smith) Dye and with rust [caused by Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.:Pers.) Unger] spores collected from infected bean fields were also performed to evaluate resistance. F₄ families were screened under drought stress (180 mm water was applied during the growing season), using sprinkler irrigation in 1997; and selected F₆ families were evaluated under natural incidence of BGYMV at Comayagua from October to December 1997. Plants within BGMYV resistant families were harvested in bulk. Selection for commercial small red seed type was practiced in every generation.

In 2004, Carrizalito was mechanically inoculated at the University of Puerto Rico (UPR) with the NL3 strain of Bean common mosaic necrotic virus (BCMNV) and found to have top necrosis caused by the presence of the dominant I gene for resistance to BCMV. Ashy stem blight is favored by warm dry conditions associated with drought stress (Mayek-Pérez et al., 2002). Seedlings of Carrizalito were inoculated in the greenhouse at the UPR with the ashy stem blight pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. and found to be resistant (M. Alameda-Lozada, personal communication, 2004).

In 1999, the average yield of Carrizalito across 17 locations in the Central American and Caribbean Regional Yield and Adaptation Trial (ECAR) was 2259 kg ha^–1 compared to 1803 kg ha^–1 for the local check and 1741 kg ha^–1 for the elite check ‘Dorado’. In 2000, the average yield of Carrizalito across 13 locations in the ECAR trial was 2039 kg ha^–1 compared to 1347 kg ha^–1 for the local and 1730 kg ha^–1 for elite checks. In 2001, the average seed yield across six locations in the ECAR trial was 1981 kg ha^–1 for Carrizalito, 1417 kg ha^–1 for the local, and 2025 kg ha^–1 for the elite checks (Rosas and Escoto, 2003).

In diverse regions of Honduras in 2001 and 2002, Carrizalito produced an average yield of 2576 kg ha^–1, whereas the elite cultivar Dorado averaged 1980 kg ha^–1 and the local check produced 2339 kg ha^–1. In on-farm trials in 2002 across 43 locations in 11 municipalities in Honduras, the average yield of Carrizalito was 1660 kg ha^–1 compared to 960 kg ha^–1 for the local check. Also, Carrizalito was superior to the bean landraces for resistance to anthracnose, angular leaf spot, BGMYV, CBB and rust.

In 40 yield trials in Costa Rica, conducted from 1999 to 2002 in diverse bean production areas, from 9 m asl at Cañas to 960 m asl at Puriscal, Carrizalito produced an average yield of 1098 kg ha^–1 compared to 885 kg ha^–1 for ‘Bribri’ (Rosas et al., 2003) and 1007 kg ha^–1 for the local check. Carrizalito was superior to Bribri and the local check in 85 and 70% of these trials, respectively. The experimental mean seed yield of Carrizalito was 1090 kg ha^–1 with a maximum yield of 2722 kg ha^–1. Under conventional production practices in on-farm trials, Carrizalito produced an average yield of 1062 kg ha^–1 with a maximum yield of 1840 kg ha^–1 (Hernandez and Araya, 2004).

Carrizalito has an indeterminate upright, Type III growth habit with a short vine. Carrizalito flowers in 35 to 37 d and matures in 68 to 70 d. Stem color is green with red pigmentation. Green pods turn yellow with red pigmentation at physiological maturity. Carrizalito has pods containing 6 to 7 seeds per pod. Carrizalito has an ovoid seed, averaging 22 g 100 seed^–1. It has a shiny red seed coat color that is commercially acceptable in Honduras, Costa Rica, and other Central American countries.

Small quantities of Breeder seed of Carrizalito may be obtained from the corresponding author. Plant variety protection will not be sought for this cultivar.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The research was supported in part by the Grant No. GDG-G-00-02-00012-00 from the USAID-Bean/Cowpea CRSP Program.

NOTES

Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication April 30, 2005.

REFERENCES

• Hernandez, J.C., and R. Araya. 2004. Telire: Variedad de frijol de grano rojo. Programa de Investigación y Transferencia de Tecnología Agropecuaria en Frijol (PITTA Frijol). Informe técnico para la inscripción en el Registro de Variedades Comerciales de la Oficina Nacional de Semillas, San José, Costa Rica.
• Mayek-Pérez, N., J.S. Padilla-Ramírez, J.A. Acosta-Gallegos, and C. López-Castañeda. 2002. Leaf morphology and dry matter partitioning of bean in response to Macrophomina phaseolina and drought stress. Scientae Naturae 4:33–44.
• Rosas, J.C., J.S. Beaver, D. Escoto, C.A. Perez, A. Llano, J.C. Hernandez, and R. Araya. 2004. Registration of ‘Amadeus 77’ small red common bean. Crop Sci. 44:1867–1868.[Free Full Text]
• Rosas, J.C., and D. Escoto. 2003. Carrizalito. Escuela Agrícola Panamericana, Zamorano y Dirección de Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria (DICTA), Secretaria de Agricultura y Ganadería. Tech. Bull., Litocom Press, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
• Rosas, J.C., J.C. Hernández, and R. Araya. 2003. Registration of ‘Bribri’ small red bean (race Mesoamerica). Crop Sci. 43:430–431.[Free Full Text]
• Rosas, J.C., O.I. Varela, and J.S. Beaver. 1997. Registration of ‘Tío Canela 75’ small red bean (race Mesoamerica). Crop Sci. 37:1391.[Free Full Text]

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