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REGISTRATIONS OF CULTIVARS

Registration of ‘York’ Smooth Bromegrass

Dep. Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853

^* Corresponding author (jlh17{at}cornell.edu)

‘York’ smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermus Leyss.) (Reg. no. CV-23, PI 636473) was developed by the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. This cultivar was released in 1989 and was approved by the National Grass Variety Review Board in 1991. The experimental designation was NY 86-B.

York is a synthetic of eight clones selected from ‘Saratoga’ (Murphy and Atwood, 1958) and ‘Rebound’ (Ross et al., 1978). Of the eight clones used to develop the cultivar York, three originated from Saratoga, four originated from Rebound, and one was an original parent clone of Saratoga (46–19). Selection of these clones began in 1980 with establishment of a spaced-plant nursery from five smooth bromegrass cultivars and experimental populations (Redfield, Rebound, Chinese, Saratoga, and a Northrup King entry). After 2 yr of selection for greater vigor, forage aftermath, seed production, and freedom from foliar diseases, 53 clones from Saratoga and Rebound were selected for further testing. The 53 clones were planted in 1983 in a polycross nursery, and each clone was replicated 10-fold. Of these 53 clones, 22 were selected for superior vigor, forage aftermath, seed production and test weight, and freedom from foliar diseases. After limited progeny testing of the 22 selected clones for forage yield, 8 were selected and used to formulate York.

York is a southern climatype of smooth bromegrass. Southern climatypes have a deeper root system, a shorter canopy height of vegetative tillers, and leaves that are coarser, shorter, narrower, and more erect than the northern climatype (Vogel et al., 1996). Additionally, southern climatypes are more drought and heat tolerant than the northern climatypes. York is characterized by strong seedling vigor, early spring growth, rapid recovery from cutting, and high aftermath production. In regional trials to test genetic changes in agronomic performance of smooth bromegrass between 1942 and 1995, York was always ranked as the earliest maturity among 30 entries (Casler et al., 2000). Furthermore, York was consistently taller than average, and was significantly taller than Saratoga. At one location in Wisconsin, York had superior brown leafspot [caused by Pyrenophora bromi (Died) Drechs.] resistance and was significantly more resistant than Saratoga. In this study, Saratoga, Rebound, and York all showed consistently superior aftermath forage yields.

From two trials harvested for a combined total of seven production years at Ithaca NY, York yielded an average of 0.87 Mg ha^–1 more forage at 12% moisture per year more than did Saratoga (P < 0.05 for five of the seven production years; P > 0.05 for two of the seven production years). In two trials harvested for a combined total of seven production years at Ithaca, NY, York and Saratoga were seeded with Oneida VR alfalfa. In these grass mixture trials, York yielded an average of 0.38 Mg ha^–1 more forage at 12% moisture per year than Saratoga (P < 0.05 for two of the seven production years; P > 0.05 for five of the seven production years). York is about 2 d earlier in maturity than Saratoga in New York.

Breeder seed [Synthetic (Syn.) generation 1], produced by the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics at Cornell University in Ithaca, NY, is harvested from polycross blocks of replicated clones. Breeder seed is released to New York Seed Improvement Project for production of Foundation seed (Syn. 2) in the Pacific Northwest. Certified seed (Syn. 3 or 4) is produced from Breeder or Foundation seed. Plant variety protection for York will not be sought.

NOTES

Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication May 31, 2005.

REFERENCES

• Casler, M.D., K.P. Vogel, J.A. Balasko, J.D. Berdahl, D.A. Miller, J.L. Hansen, and J.O. Fritz. 2000. Genetic progress from 50 years of smooth bromegrass breeding. Crop Sci. 40:13–22.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Murphy, R.P., and S.S. Atwood. 1958. Registration of ‘Saratoga’ smooth bromegrass (Reg. No. 8). Agron. J. 50:400.
• Ross, J.G., D.F. Gross, G.L. Holborn, C.J. Mankin, and R.T. Thaden. 1978. ‘Rebound’. Agric. Exp. Stn. South Dakota State Univ. Bull. B 670. Brookings, SD.
• Vogel, K.P., K.J. Moore, and L.E. Moser. 1996. Bromegrasses. p. 535–567. In L.E. Moser et al. (ed.) Cool-season forage grasses. Agron. Monogr. 34. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA. Madison, WI.

This Article Full Text (PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Hansen, J.L. Articles by Westra, A.A.G. Search for Related Content PubMed Articles by Hansen, J.L. Articles by Westra, A.A.G. Agricola Articles by Hansen, J.L. Articles by Westra, A.A.G.