| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
a Agricultural Research Station of Virginia State Univ., P.O. Box 9061 Petersburg, VA 23806
b Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 001, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705
c USDA-ARS, 605 Airways Blvd, Jackson, TN 38301
d USDA-ARS, Purdue University, Dep. of Botany and Plant Pathology, Lafayette, IN 47907-1155
* Corresponding author (tmebraht{at}vsu.edu)
Randolph soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (Reg. no. CV- 473, PI 633424), a maturity group (MG) VI cultivar, was developed jointly by the Virginia State University, Agricultural Research Station and the USDA-ARS and was released on 23 Mar. 2003 as a vegetable type with large seed size and high protein. Randolph can be harvested at either the green pod or mature seed stages. Developing seeds harvested at the green pod stage are for direct human consumption while seeds harvested at maturity are useful for soyfood products such as tofu, soymilk, or roasted nuts (Mebrahtu et al., 1991; Carter and Shanmugasundaram, 1993; Konovsky et al., 1994; Rao et al., 2002).
Randolph was developed by conventional means compatible with the USDA guidelines for organic production (USDA-ARS, 2000; USDA-AMS, 2000). Randolph was derived from the cross of PI 417288 x BV-4 as was its full sib ‘Asmara’ (Mebrahtu et al., 2005). BV-4, a line developed by ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD, with good pod set and resistance to lodging and shattering, is a selection from the hybridization of T135 x PI 83945-4. PI 417288 is a vegetable-type soybean, MG V, from Japan and is reported to have moderate resistance to Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis Mulsant) defoliation (Kraemer et al., 1994). PI 83945-4 is a large-seed fasciated MG IV line from South Korea (USDA-ARS, 1995). T135 is a chlorophyll mutant line found in Illini and maintained by the USDA at Urbana, IL (Palmer and Kilen, 1987). Both PI 417288 and PI 83945-4, were used in the development of Randolph, Asmara, and ‘Owens’. These are the only cultivars with these PIs in their pedigrees currently in North American cultivars. Randolph, Asmara, and Owens are unique cultivars and increase the genetic diversity of soybean cultivars.
The F2 through F5 progenies from PI 417288 x BV-4 were advanced through single seed descent (Brim, 1966). At seed maturity, F5 single plants were selected and threshed individually. Progenies of individual plants were grown in single rows at the Randolph Research Farm of Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA.
Randolph was evaluated in replicated tests at the Randolph Research Farm of Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA, under the experimental designation VS20-418 along with Asmara, a vegetable cultivar MG VI, and Twiggs, a grain-type cultivar MG VI (Mebrahtu et al., 2005; Boerma et al., 1988). These tests, conducted in 2001 and 2002, were designed to measure both green pod vegetable production and dry grain production. However, the grain-type cultivar Twiggs was harvested only at the dry grain stage. Plots were replicated three times and consisted of four rows, 5 m long, with harvest of the two center rows. Plots were divided in half with 2 m harvested by hand for green pod yield and the remaining 2 m harvested later as dry grain. When planted in mid-May and harvested in early August, the 2-yr average yield of green pods (R6-R7, Fehr et al., 1971) was 14825 kg ha–1 for Randolph compared with 22082 kg ha–1 for Asmara. The decision to harvest was made when the pods were visually green and plump and the seeds were green and nearly full size. Each genotype was harvested at about 35 to 40 d after 50% of the plants of each genotype flowered. Green seed composition on a dry weight basis for Randolph averaged 51.8 g kg–1 sucrose, 445 g kg–1 protein, and 39.3% of the total oil as oleic acid, as compared to Asmara with 39.6 g kg–1 sucrose, 430 g kg–1 protein, and 43.3% of the total oil as oleic acid. In this same test, the two-year average dry seed yield for Randolph was 1637 kg ha–1 compared to 2467 kg ha–1 for Asmara and 2369 kg ha–1 for Twiggs MG VI. Mature seed composition of Randolph on a dry weight basis, averaged 460 g kg–1 protein with 24.6% of the total oil as oleic acid. Twiggs had 421 g kg–1 protein and Asmara had 431 g kg–1 protein and 22.9% of the total oil as oleic acid. The 2-yr average dry seed weight for Randolph at the Virginia location was 28 g per 100 seeds while Twiggs and Asmara seeds weighed 14 and 23 g per 100 seeds, respectively. The 2-yr average seed shattering score for Randolph was 2.0 compared to 1.0 for Twiggs, and 1.0 for Asmara. The shattering score was based on a 1 to 5 scale (1 = nonshattering and 5 = severe shattering). The 2-yr average height of Randolph was 56 cm compared with 71 cm for Twiggs and 54 cm for Asmara.
Randolph was evaluated for dry grain yield along with Asmara and York, a grain-type cultivar, over the two years 2000 and 2001 at the Upper Marlboro Research Station of the University of Maryland, at College Park, MD. When harvested in early November, the 2-yr average mature seed yield for Randolph was 1636 kg ha–1 compared to 2795 kg ha–1 for Asmara, and 3794 kg ha–1 for York (Smith, 1968). The two-year average seed weight for Randolph at the Maryland location was 24 g per 100 seeds while York and Asmara seeds weighed 18 and 21 g per 100 seeds, respectively. The two-year average seed shattering score for Randolph was 2.0 compared with 1.5 for York, and 1.0 for Asmara.
Randolph has white flowers, gray pubescence, and tan pod walls. Seeds have yellow seed coats and brown hila. Plants have determinate growth habit.
In tests at Jackson, TN, Randolph was susceptible to races 3 and 14 of the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe). Randolph was not characterized for the Rps gene but in tests at West Lafayette, IN, was susceptible to races 2 and 33 of the Phytophthora root rot pathogen (Phytophthora sojae M.J. Kaufmann & J.W. Gerdemann). In southern Indiana field tests, Randolph was moderately resistant to sudden death syndrome (caused by Fusarium virguliforme O'Donnell & T. Aoki) (= Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines Roy) and frogeye leaf spot [caused by Cercospora sojina Hara (syn. C. daizu Mura)]. In a North Carolina test, Randolph was susceptible to bacteria pustule [caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines (Nakano) Dye (syn. X. campestris pv. Phaseoli (Smith) Dye and X. phaseoli (Smith) Dowson var. sojensis (Hedges) Starr and Burkholder)] (Tommy Carter, personal communication, 2004).
Breeder seed of Randolph will be maintained by the Agricultural Research Station of Virginia State University, P.O. Box 9061, Petersburg, VA 23806. Limited quantities of seed are available for breeding and research purposes from the corresponding author for at least 5 yr. Seeds were deposited in the National Plant Germplasm System where they are available for research and breeding purposes including development and commercialization of new cultivars. Rights for production and marketing for Randolph will be awarded by the USDA-ARS Office of Technology Transfer. Randolph is protected under the U.S. Plant Variety Protection Certificate no. 200300241.
NOTES
Accepted for publication April 30, 2005.
REFERENCES
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  T. Mebrahtu, T. E. Devine, P. A. Donald, and T. S. Abney Registration of 'Owens' Vegetable Soybean Journal of Plant Registrations, September 1, 2007; 1(2): 95 - 96. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| The SCI Journals | Agronomy Journal | Vadose Zone Journal | |||
| Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education |
Soil Science Society of America Journal | ||||
| Journal of Plant Registrations | Journal of Environmental Quality |
The Plant Genome | |||
