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a Univ. of Missouri-Delta Center, P.O. Box 160, Portageville, MO 63873
b Dep. of Agronomy, 210 Waters Hall, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
c USDA-ARS, 605 Airways Blvd., Jackson, TN 38301
d USDA-ARS, North Carolina State Univ., 3127 Ligon St., Raleigh, NC 27695-7631
e USDA-ARS, 5601 Sunnyside Ave, Room 4-2214, Beltsville, MD 20705-5139
* Corresponding author (shannong{at}missouri.edu)
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm line S01-9269 (Reg. no GP-309, PI 636694) was developed and released in May 2004 by the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station and ARS-USDA. It has value as a parent in soybean improvement programs because of its broad resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, populations and seed oil that averages half the saturated fatty acids (saturates- % palmitate + % stearate) as conventional soybeans which average about 14 to 15% saturates (Wilson 2004).
S01-9269, maturity group V (RM 5.5) is an F4 selection composited in the F5 generation from S94-1867 x a low palmitic acid F2 selection from [S93-1475 x (‘Holladay’ x CX1538-70-5)] (Burton et al., 1996). S94-1867 is an SCN resistant line from Pioneer ‘P9592’ x S91-1693. P9592 is derived from Pioneer ‘P9561’ x (Asgrow ‘A5618’ x P9561). P9561 is from ‘Forrest’ (Hartwig and Epps, 1973) x ‘Mack’ (Caviness et al., 1972). A5618 is from ‘Williams’ (Bernard and Lindahl, 1972) x ‘York’ (Smith, 1968). S91-1693 is from ‘Hartwig’ (Anand, 1992) x ‘Coker 485’. Coker 485 is from ‘Centennial’ (Hartwig and Epps, 1977) x [(‘Hampton 266’ x ‘Bragg’) x ‘Hutton’] (Hinson and Hartwig, 1964; Hinson, 1973). Hampton 266 is a selection from ‘Coker Hampton’ (Webb and Hicks, 1965). S93-1475 is an SCN resistant selection from S85-1706 x Hartwig. S85-1706 is from ‘Bedford’ (Hartwig and Epps, 1978) x ‘Essex’ (Smith and Camper, 1973). CX1538-70-5 is a low saturate selection from the cross of two low palmitate lines N79-2077-12 (Burton et al., 1994) x C1726 (Wilcox and Cavins, 1990).
The low saturate trait was recovered in S01-9269 from the three crossing cycles by advancing the F1 to the F2 generation from the first cross Holladay x CX1538-70-5 in the winter nursery. The following spring, about one third of the seed was cut and removed from each of 200 F2 seeds for a fatty acid profile analysis. The corresponding partial seeds with the embryo intact containing 7% or less saturates were planted and used in making the second cross, [(S93-1475 x (Holladay x CX1538-70-5)], during the summer. Again, the F1 was advanced to the F2 in the winter nursery and low saturate F2 seed were recovered as above and used to make the third and final cross, S94-1867 x [(S93-1475 x (Holladay x CX1538-70-5)], the next summer. The F1 was advanced to the F2 and low saturate F2 seed were recovered as above, then planted and harvested. Seed from 12 low saturate F2 plants were planted as F3 rows in the winter nursery. Five F3 plants from each row were selected, and a five seed sample from each plant was analyzed in bulk for fatty acid profile. Those plants with seed low in saturates were planted in F4 rows during the summer of 2000, and four single plants were selected from each row. A five seed sample from each single plant was analyzed in bulk for fatty acid profile, and all plants low in saturates were planted in F5 rows in 2001. Row S01-9269 which averaged 6.7% saturates was selected and bulked for yield tests. It was evaluated to a mixture of SCN HG types 0, 2- and 1.3- (races 3, 5, and 14) in the greenhouse during the winter of 2001–2002 and found to be resistant (Niblack et al., 2002). Broad resistance to SCN was relatively easy to recover because the final two of the three crossing cycles involved the resistant parents S93-1475 and S94-1867 with resistance derived from PI437654 via Hartwig (Anand, 1992).
Plants of S01-9269 have a determinate growth habit with white flowers, tawny pubescence, tan pods, and shiny yellow seed with brown hila. It was tested in Missouri in 2002 and 2003 research trials (six environments) and in the 2003 Regional Group V Quality Traits test across nine environments (Graef, 2003). In comparison to ‘5601T’ (Pantalone et al., 2003), S01-9269 averaged 10% less seed yield (5601T was 3410 kg ha–1), 1 d later (5601T matured 10/16), 10 cm shorter (5601T was 84 cm), and was more susceptible to lodging (2.5 vs. 1.4 on a 1-to-5 scale where 1 is no lodging and 5 is severe lodging). Seeds of S01-9269 were 9 mg seed–1 heavier, 6 g kg–1 higher in protein and 21 g kg–1 lower in oil than seeds of 5601T which averaged 127 mg seed –1, 431 g kg–1 protein, and 198 g kg–1 oil. The fatty acid profile of S01-9269 in percent averaged over nine locations for palmitate, stearate, oleate, linoleate, and linolenate were 4.0, 2.8, 26.0, 57.8, and 9.4, respectively. Total saturates (palmitate + stearate) averaged 6.8% and ranged from 6.3 to 7.6% across environments (Graef, 2003).
S01-9269 is resistant to populations of SCN HG types 2.5.7-, 1.2-, 0, 2-, and 1.3- (races 1, 2, 3, 5, and 14) on the basis of greenhouse screening at Columbia, MO; Jackson, TN; and Portageville, MO, in 2003 and 2004 (Niblack et al., 2002). SCN female indexes for each HG type above were 9, 0, 3, 0, and 1, respectively, on the basis of a SCN female index of 100 for the susceptible check in each screening trial (Niblack et al., 2002). S02-9269 is resistant to stem canker [caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cooke and Ellis) Sacc. var. meridionalis F.A. Fernandez] and bacterial pustule [caused by Xanthomonas axonpodis pv. glycines (Naleno) Vauterin et al]. It is susceptible to root knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp. and Phytophthora root rot (caused by Phytophthora sojae M.J. Kaufmann & J.W. Gerdemann).
Small quantities of seed for research purposes may be obtained from the corresponding author for at least 5 yr. We ask that the appropriate recognition be made if this germplasm line contributes to the development of a new breeding line or cultivar.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors thank the United Soybean Board for the financial support in the development of this germplasm line through funding from USB Project 4222 "Development of mid-oleic, low-linolenic, low-saturated substitutes for partially hydrogenated soybean oil."
NOTES
Accepted for publication February 28, 2005.
REFERENCES
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