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REGISTRATIONS OF GERMPLASMS

Registration of N584, N587, and N588, Large-Seeded Grain Sorghum Germplasm

Department of Agronomy, Univ. of Nebraska, P.O. Box 830915, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915

^* Corresponding author (idweikat2{at}unl.edu)

N584, N587, and N588 sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] germplasms (Reg. no. GP-620, PI 635496), (Reg. no. GP-621, PI 635497), (Reg. no. GP-622, PI 635498) are large-seeded, photoperiod-insensitive germplasms that provide genetic diversity for developing large-seeded food-grade sorghum hybrids. Seed size, as weight per given kernel number, can be genetically manipulated and is of particular importance in this regard. Size of seed in sorghum contributes to yield through enhanced germination, establishment, seedling growth and vigor, and plant performance (Amthor 1983; Singh and Makne 1985; Swanson and Hunter 1936; Trabanino et al., 1989). Additionally, the production of large, uniform seed is desirable for cleaning and marketing.

These germplasms were developed in the sorghum breeding program at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln to produce large-seeded, food-grade hybrid parent lines adapted to the Midwest region of the USA. These germplasms resulted from crosses made using nuclear male-sterility mutation (ms₃ms₃) and emasculated 2-way and 3-way crosses made in the 2000 spring greenhouse between Nebraska Seed Size Cycle 5 (NSSC5) population selections and large seed size tropical introductions and conversion lines IS 9987, IS 23891, and PI 571344. NSSC5 is a broad genetic base, full-season, food-grade, and random-mating population containing B and R reaction for A₁ cytoplasmic male sterility and containing the nuclear male sterility mutation ms₃. Pedigree selection was conducted in the F₂ and F₃ generation at Lincoln in 2001 and 2002 and F₄ generation at Tampico, Mexico, in the 2003 winter nursery. F₅ lines were grown at Lincoln in 2003 and evaluated for seed size, seed number, and other agronomic traits. We did not observe any segregation for ms₃ by the F₅ generation. Several lines were test-crossed with N267A₁ and N250A₁ to determine their male fertility restoration reaction.

Days to anthesis, plant height, panicle length, panicle exertion, seed weight, seed number per panicle, test weight, testcross reaction, and plant and grain color of each germplasm are shown in Table 1. The germplasms labeled as restorers have either given fertile testcrosses or were sister lines of proven restorers. In general, these germplasms are average to short in height and medium to late in maturity. When grown at Lincoln in 2003, seed size ranged from 42 to 59 g 1000 seed^–1, which is about double the size of BTx3042. Seed color is cream or yellow. Two germplasms have tan plant color (N584 and N587) and one has purple plant color (N588). Tillering habit is upright for all the germplasms. All three germplasms are photoperiod insensitive. Insect and disease resistance of these materials has not been determined.

View this table: [in this window] [in a new window]   Table 1. Three large-seeded, medium- to late-maturing grain sorghum germplasms grown with inbred lines and hybrid checks.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The development of these materials was partially funded by the Nebraska Grain Sorghum Board. We would like to express our gratitude to Dr. Franciso Zavala Garcia from the University of Leon, Nuevo Leon, Mexico for his assistance in the winter nursery.

NOTES

Journal Article No.14697 by Univ. of Nebraska Agric. Res. Div. Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication November 30, 2004.

REFERENCES

• Amthor, J.S. 1983. Sorghum seedling growth as a function of sodium chloride salinity and seed size. Ann. Bot. 52:915–917.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Singh, A.R., and V.G. Makne. 1985. Correlation studies on seed viability and seedling vigor in relation to seed size in sorghum. Seed Sci. Tech. 13:139–140.
• Swanson, A.F., and R. Hunter. 1936. Effect of germination and seed size on sorghum stands. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 28:997–1004.
• Trabanino, C.R., H.N. Pitre, K.L. Andrews, and D.H. Meekenstock. 1989. Effect of seed size, color, number of seed per hill and depth of planting on sorghum seed survival and stand establishment: Relationship to phytophagous insect. Trop. Agric. 66:225–229.

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