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a USDA-ARS, 1691 S. 2700 W., Aberdeen, ID 83210
b USDA-ARS, 1301 N. Western St., Stillwater, OK 74075
c University of Idaho, Tetonia, ID, 83436
d Colorado State University, P.O. Box 20000-5028, Grand Junction, CO 81502
e Colorado State University, P.O. Box 233, Yellow Jacket, CO 81335
f University of Nebraska, 4502 Ave. I, Scotts Bluff, NE 69361
g New Mexico State University, 300 Navajo Rd., Farmington, NM 87499
* Corresponding author (pbregit{at}uidaho.edu)
‘Burton’ is a Russian wheat aphid [Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko)] resistant two-rowed hulled spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (Reg. no. CV-318, PI 634714) developed cooperatively and released in 2004 by the USDA-ARS and the Idaho, Colorado, Nebraska, and New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Stations. Burton is best adapted to environments with moderate to high yield potential. The name honors Dr. Bob Burton (deceased, USDA-ARS entomologist), who was instrumental in organizing and implementing the USDA-ARS Russian wheat aphid research program.
Burton has the pedigree ‘Baronesse’/3/‘Crystal’/2/‘Klages’*3/STARS 9301B. Baronesse is a two-rowed feed barley developed in Germany and marketed in the USA by Peterson Seed and Western Plant Breeders. Crystal (Wesenberg et al., 1991) and Klages (Wesenberg et al., 1974) are both two-rowed malting barley cultivars developed by the USDA-ARS. The source of Russian wheat aphid resistance in Burton is the germplasm line STARS-9301B (Mornhinweg et al., 1995a). STARS-9301B was developed from PI 366450, a six-rowed landrace collected in Afghanistan and held in the USDA National Small Grains Collection at Aberdeen, ID.
Burton has semilax spikes that nod at maturity. Awns are long and rough, rachilla hairs are long, hairs on glumes are banded, and glume awns are rough. Lateral florets are absent, a distinctive characteristic derived from the Baronesse parent. Hulls are wrinkled, with prominent, barbless lateral veins. Kernels have a transverse crease at the base and the aleurone is white.
Burton was derived from a population of Russian wheat aphid–resistant F2 plants that were identified as homozygous for resistance (based on greenhouse assays of F3 progeny), and advanced to F4 generation via single head selections from phenotypically attractive F3 and F4 plants. Burton was selected from the F4:5 headrow no. 251 in 1998 and entered replicated testing at Aberdeen and Tetonia, ID, in 1999, under the line designation 98ID251. It has since been tested at a wide variety of irrigated and dryland locations in Idaho, Colorado, Nebraska, and New Mexico. Despite its relatively early-generation derivation, 98ID251 was uniform in appearance. Comparisons of Burton to Baronesse over 31 location–years in the absence of significant Russian wheat aphid infestations show no significant differences for maturity, height, yield, test weight, and percentage plump kernels. It has shown superior resistance to lodging (15 vs. 33% for Baronesse). The performance of Burton in the 2003 Western Regional Dryland Spring Barley nursery, relative to the cultivars Steptoe (Muir and Nilan, 1973), Hector (Wells, 1973), Clark (Hockett et al., 1985), and Munsing (Robertson, 1965), was as follows: heading date 4, 2, 1, and 2 d later; plant height 93, 90, 90, and 112%; grain yield 91, 105, 105, and 107%; test weight 106, 99, 101, and 98%; percentage plump kernels 92, 113, 115, and 106%, respectively. Burton is more responsive to environmental conditions than Baronesse and Steptoe, and in particular, Burton is less tolerant of extreme heat.
Burton is highly resistant to damage caused by Russian wheat aphid feeding. The major component of the resistance is tolerance. Data from 3 yr of testing at Yellow Jacket, CO, where significant infestations of Russian wheat aphids were present, showed Burton to exceed (LSD comparisons, P = 0.05) the performance of Baronesse for yield (113%), test weight (103%), and percentage plump kernels (109%). STARS-9301B has been found to have two genes conditioning resistance (Rdn1 and Rdn2, originally designated Dnb1 and Dnb2; Mornhinweg et al., 1995b). Burton is thought to carry both resistant alleles, based on its high level of resistance. This source of resistance has been shown to provide significant protection against the loss of agronomic performance and malting quality (Bregitzer et al., 2003). Burton is resistant to the original Russian wheat aphid biotype that was discovered in Texas in 1986. Field and greenhouse observations (Mornhinweg, unpublished data, 2004) indicate that it is resistant also to the new biotype that was discovered in Colorado in 2003 (Haley et al., 2004).
Burton has been tested primarily in the intermountain region of the western United States, where disease pressures are generally negligible. In two environments where powdery mildew (caused by Erysiphe graminus DC. f. sp. hordei Ém. Marchal.) infection was prevalent on six-rowed cultivars and breeding lines, Burton and other two-rowed cultivars and breeding lines suffered negligible infections. Based on pedigree, Burton is not expected to be resistant to stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. hordei), nor would it be expected to be resistant to the variety of foliar diseases that are prevalent in more humid climates such as the midwestern United States.
The initial Breeder seed of Burton was developed from approximately 200 F9 head selections that were morphologically similar and that were verified as having high levels of resistance to Russian wheat aphid feeding damage. Foundation seed of Burton will be maintained by the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, Foundation Seed Program. Requests for seed should be directed to the Coordinator, Foundation Seed Program, College of Agriculture, Kimberly Research and Extension Center, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341. It is requested that appropriate recognition of source be given when this germplasm contributes to research or development of new breeding lines or cultivars.
NOTES
Accepted for publication November 30, 2004.
REFERENCES
This article has been cited by other articles:
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  S. Mittal, L. S. Dahleen, and D. Mornhinweg Locations of Quantitative Trait Loci Conferring Russian Wheat Aphid Resistance in Barley Germplasm STARS-9301B Crop Sci., July 1, 2008; 48(4): 1452 - 1458. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 P. Bregitzer, D. W. Mornhinweg, D. E. Obert, and J. Windes Registration of 'RWA 1758' Russian Wheat Aphid-Resistant Spring Barley Journal of Plant Registrations, January 1, 2008; 2(1): 5 - 9. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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