HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text (PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Brown, J. Articles by Ott, S. Search for Related Content PubMed Articles by Brown, J. Articles by Ott, S. Agricola Articles by Brown, J. Articles by Ott, S.

Registration of ‘Athena’ Winter Rapeseed

^a Dep. Plant, Soil and Ent. Sci., Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339
^b Columbia Basin Agric. Research Center, Oregon State Univ., Tubbs Ranch Road, Pendleton, OR 97001

^* Corresponding author (jbrown{at}uidaho.edu)

Athena winter rapeseed [Brassica napus L. subsp. oleifera (Metzg) Sinsk. f. biennis] (Reg. no. CV- 22, PI 633734) was developed for use as an edible oilseed (canola-quality) cultivar and released by the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station in December 2000.

Athena is a near-homozygous winter rapeseed cultivar with canola-quality seed oil and canola-quality seed meal, selected for its high adaptability to dryland and irrigated regions of the inland Pacific Northwest. This cultivar was developed from a single plant selection in 1997 from an F₅ population from the cross ‘Capricorn’/CPB.89606. Capricorn is a low–erucic acid (less than 20 g kg^–1), low–glucosinolate content cultivar (less than 30 µmol g^–1 of defatted seed meal), developed by the National Seed Development Organization, England, UK (PVP 8810022). CPB.89606 is an advanced breeding selection from Cambridge Plant Breeding, England, UK, derived from the cross ‘Tapidor’/'Lindora-00'. Tapidor is a low–erucic acid, low-glucosinolate cultivar developed by Serasem (PVP 8810066). Lindora-00 is a low–erucic acid, low-glucosinolate cultivar developed by Deut Saatveredelung, Germany (PVP 8600037).

F₁ seeds from the original cross were produced in the spring of 1993 and F₂ seed produced in the greenhouse during the winter of 1993 to 1994. Individual F₂ field-grown plants were selected in 1995, with seed threshed separately. F₃ seeds from the F₂ plants were screened for glucosinolate content using a glucose-sensitive Tes-tape procedure (Lein, 1970) and for fatty acid composition using gas chromatography. Single plant selections were planted as F₃ head-rows (2 rows by 6 m) at a single location in northern Idaho in the fall of 1995. In the summer of 1996, each F₃ head-row was visually assessed before harvest and specific head-rows were selected based on visual yield potential, early maturity, short plant stature, lodging resistance, insect resistance to mainly cabbage seedpod weevil (Ceutorhynchus assimilis Paykull), and resistance to Sclerotinia white mold [caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary.] Ten single plant selections were taken from each selected plot. In addition, the remainder of the head-row plot was hand harvested and threshed as a head-row bulk. The 10 single plant selections were evaluated for oil content, glucosinolate content, and fatty acid composition, and planted as head-row plots (2 row by 6 m) in an F₄ replicated nested design in the fall of 1996, where each family was represented by two randomized plots, each containing five head-row plots grown adjacent to one another. In addition to the head-rows, families were evaluated in replicated yield trials at two locations in 1996 to 1997 for seed yield and several morphological characters using the head-row bulk seed. At harvest in 1997, the highest yielding families with desirable plant morphology (i.e., early maturity, short stature, and resistance to lodging) were selected based on the replicated yield trials. Thereafter, the F₅ head-row plots were visually inspected and the most agronomically desirable individual head-rows selected. As in 1996, the remainder of the plot was harvested and threshed by hand with this head-row bulk used to plant replicated yield trials at four locations in the 1997 to 1998 growing season. The process of single plant selection and head-row plots was repeated in the 1998 to 1999 season (F₆). At the 1999 harvest, 400 F₇ single plants were selected and used to plant Breeders Seed in the fall of 1999. At harvest in 2000, an additional 200 single F₈ plants were selected from the Breeders Seed and used to plant Foundation Seed in the fall of 2000.

Athena was evaluated in field trials in Idaho, Washington, and Oregon for six growing seasons from 1996 to 1997 through 2001 to 2002. Evaluation trials conducted during the 1998 to 1999 through 2001 to 2002 seasons were part of the Pacific Northwest Winter Canola Variety Trials (Brown et al., 1999; 2000; 2001; 2002). Performance was compared to four commercially available cultivars: Ericka, Ceres, Cascade, and Olsen. The cultivars Ericka (Brown et al., 1997), Cascade (Auld et al., 1987), Ceres, and Olsen [N. Deut. Pflanzenzucht (Germany)] have occupied almost the total acreage of winter canola in the region over the past 10 yr. Field trials were planted using bulked seed remaining from the Breeders Seed increase of single plant plots.

After fall seeding, Athena seedlings emerge quickly and produce a good fall stand compared to the other check cultivars. This is particularly true when planted late in the fall directly seeding into straw stubble. On average, Ericka flowered after Day of Year (DOY) 128, while Athena flowers significantly later, averaging DOY 131. The flowering date of Athena is not significantly different from Ceres or Olsen. Plant height of Athena is 144 cm, significantly taller than Ericka, but not significantly different from Ceres or Olsen. Despite producing tall plants, Athena is resistant to lodging and was found to be significantly less likely to lodge compared to Olsen. Athena plant maturity is intermediate, being significantly later than either Ericka or Cascade, but not significantly different from Olsen or Ceres. Athena has a determinate growth habit with plants drying down evenly at maturity, an advantage to growers because this can help avoid seed shatter and aids in harvesting. Seeds are dark brown in color and medium to large size, with 196 seed g^–1.

Averaged over 56 evaluation trials, Athena produced significantly higher seed yield (3332 kg ha^–1) than any check cultivar. Athena was highly adapted to later planting and direct seeding into cereal stubble. The yield advantage of Athena was particularly noted under these conditions. Athena was the highest yielding entry in five of the six years tested and was second highest in the other year.

Average oil content of Athena was significantly greater than Ericka and Ceres in 1999 but not significantly different from the control cultivars in the other years. Oil quality in Athena is high with less than 10 g kg^–1 erucic acid and less than 85 g kg^–1 linolenic acid. The remaining fatty acid profile was not significantly different from the high quality cultivars Cascade and Ericka. Seed meal glucosinolates were moderate to low (25 µmol g^–1). Although significantly higher than Ericka or Cascade, glucosinolate levels have always been less than the 30 µmol g^–1, which is the level required to be a certified as canola-quality.

Seed increases of Athena are limited by Plant Variety Protection (PVP Certificate No. 200300307) to Foundation and Certified Seed classes. Requests for seed of Athena for either experimental or commercial production can be made to the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2331.

NOTES

Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication September 30, 2004.

REFERENCES

• Auld, D.L., K.A. Mahler, J.C. Crock, and B.L. Bettis. 1987. Registration of ‘Cascade’ rapeseed. Crop Sci. 27:1309–1310.[Free Full Text]
• Brown, J., D.A. Erickson, J.B. Davis, A.P. Brown, L. Seip, and D.L. Auld. 1997. Registration of ‘Ericka’ winter rapeseed. Crop Sci. 38:543.[ISI]
• Brown, J., J.B. Davis, A. Hang, and D. Wysocki. 1999. 1999 Pacific Northwest spring and winter canola variety trial results. p. 19–21. In Proc. Pacific Northwest Canola Meeting, Great Falls, MT. 6–10 Nov. 1999.
• Brown, J., J.B. Davis, A. Hang, and D. Wysocki. 2000. 2000 Pacific Northwest winter canola variety trial results. p. 25–27. In University of Idaho Rapeseed, Canola and Mustard Report. University of Idaho, Moscow.
• Brown, J., J.B. Davis, and D. Wysocki. 2001. 2000 Pacific Northwest winter canola variety trial results. p. 17–20. In Department of Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences Research and Extension Report. University of Idaho, Moscow.
• Brown, J., J.B. Davis, and D. Wysocki. 2002. 2000 Pacific Northwest winter canola variety trial results. p. 1–3. In Proc. Idaho and Washington Oilseed Commission Meeting, Moscow, Idaho. February 2003.
• Lein, K.A. 1970. Methods for quantitative determination of seed glucosinolates of Brassica spp. and their application in plant breeding of rape low in glucosinolate content. Z. Pflanzenzuecht. 63:137–154.

This Article Full Text (PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Brown, J. Articles by Ott, S. Search for Related Content PubMed Articles by Brown, J. Articles by Ott, S. Agricola Articles by Brown, J. Articles by Ott, S.