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a Dep. of Agronomy and Horticulture, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915
b Dep. of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1010
* Corresponding author (pbaenziger1{at}unl.edu)
‘NE426GT’ (Reg. no. CV- 28, PI 634537) is a grain and fall forage winter triticale (xTriticosecale rimpaui Wittm.) developed cooperatively and jointly released in 2004 by the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station and the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station.
NE426GT was selected from the cross ‘WB-UW24’/‘TxTcl #50’//‘Fain Triticale’/‘Centurk 78’//NE69150/‘Jenkins’ x Unknown (probably 6A365/NE69150). WB-UW24 is a line of unknown pedigree that was sent to the program in the late 1980s as part of an international nursery. The cross was made in 1989 at the University of Nebraska. The F1 generation was grown in the greenhouse in 1990, and the F2 (1991) and F3 (1992) generations were advanced in the field at Lincoln, NE, using the bulk breeding method. NE426GT is an F3–derived F4 line derived from a single plant family in 1993. The family was advanced with no additional within family selection and selected in 1995 (F6 generation) for its high grain yield potential. It was released primarily for its superior grain production and fall forage production in rainfed winter cereal production systems in Nebraska, Iowa, and surrounding areas with similar climatic conditions.
NE426GT is an awned, white-glumed cultivar whose primary use will be as an annual grain or forage crop. Its appearance is most similar to ‘Newcale’ (Baenziger and Schmidt, 1991). Kernels are red colored, elliptical, large, and slightly wrinkled (as is common with triticale). After heading, the canopy is moderately closed and upright. The flag leaf is recurved and not twisted at the boot stage. The foliage is green with a waxy bloom at anthesis. The peduncle is pubescent. The spike is narrow, oblong in shape, midlong to long, and mid-dense. The glume is pubescent, tan, narrow, and long and the glume shoulder is wanting. The beak has an acuminate tip. The spike is usually nodding at maturity. Based on plump kernels, the kernel has no collar, a large brush of medium length, rounded cheeks, large germ, and a narrow and deep crease.
NE426GT was performance tested as NE95T426 in Nebraska grain yield nurseries starting in 1997 and in forage yield trials in 2001 to 2003 in Kansas (http://www.wkarc.org/Research/ARCH/Soil/2003%20web%20pub.pdf, verified 2 Nov. 2004). In Nebraska (19 environments), NE426GT had very good grain yield (4180 kg ha–1) for a grain triticale. The grain yield was higher than ‘Presto’ (PI 564442, 3580 kg ha–1), and much higher than the forage triticale cultivars NE422T (Baenziger and Vogel, 2003) (2890 kg ha–1) and Trical (most likely ‘Trical 100’) (2380 kg ha–1). For comparison, the grain yield of ‘Arapahoe’ (Baenziger et al., 1989) was 3120 kg ha–1, which is lower than the grain triticale yields and might be explained by triticale yield nurseries generally being planted near, but earlier than the wheat yield trials. In two years of testing in Iowa (10 environments), NE426GT had excellent grain yield (5720 kg ha–1) as compared to Presto (5071 kg ha–1), Trical 100 (3850 kg ha–1), NE422T (4040 kg ha–1), or the wheat check Arapahoe (3950 kg ha–1). In three years of forage testing in Kansas cultivar performance trials, NE426GT performed well in the early fall, but it is not as suitable for hay as NE422T. The main advantages of NE426GT when compared to most other grain and forage triticale cultivars within its area of adaptation are its very high grain yield coupled with its relatively high fall forage yield. As such, it will be used as a feed grain triticale and as a component of forage triticale blends.
Other measurements of performance from comparison trials show that NE426GT is medium in maturity, about 0.5 d earlier than Presto, 1 d earlier than Arapahoe, and 6 d earlier than NE422T. The mature plant height of NE426GT at 120 cm is medium-tall and is 10 cm taller than Presto, 15 cm taller than Arapahoe, and 33 cm shorter than NE422T. NE426GT has moderate straw strength, similar to Presto and better than Arapahoe and NE422T. The winter-hardiness of NE426GT is good, similar to NE422T, which is one of the most winter-hardy triticale cultivars currently available to growers, and comparable to an average winter wheat. No winter damage was noted on NE426GT in nursery sites in Iowa, including two sites about 60 km south of the Minnesota border (Sutherland and Nashua).
Based on field observations, NE426GT is moderately resistant to the currently prevalent races of stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.: Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn; most likely containing Sr31) and leaf rust (caused by P. triticina Eriks.). Like most rye and triticale cultivars, NE426GT is moderately resistant to Wheat streak mosaic virus. Ergot [Claviceps purpurea (Fr.:Fr.) Tul.] has not been found in the cultivar when the disease was present in the other triticale cultivars under similar growing conditions. NE426GT (66.6 kg hL–1) has an above average grain volume weight for triticale (where the standard is 61.8 kg hL–1). The 1000 kernel weight of NE426GT is high (32.3 g) when compared to Presto (29.5 g) and Arapahoe (28.6 g).
In positioning NE426GT, based on performance data to date, it should be well adapted to most rainfed winter annual grain production systems in Nebraska, Iowa, and in regions with similar climates in adjacent states. It will also have good fall forage potential in Nebraska and Kansas.
NE426GT has been uniform and stable since 1999 (F10 generation). Less than 0.1% of the plants were rogued from the Breeder's seed increase in 1999. The rogued variant plants were mainly taller in height (10–20 cm, 1:1000 plants). Up to 1% (10:1000) variant plants may be encountered in subsequent generations.
The Nebraska Foundation Seed Division, Department of Agronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583 had NE426GT Foundation seed available to qualified Certified seed enterprises in 2003. The seed classes will be Breeder, Foundation, Registered, and Certified. The Registered seed class will be a nonsalable seed class. A research and development fee will be assessed on certified seed sales.
NOTES
Cooperative investigations of the Nebraska Agric. Res. Div., Univ. of Nebraska, Iowa Agric. and Home Econ. Exp. Sta., Iowa State Univ., and USDA-ARS. Contribution no. 14534 from the Nebraska Agric. Res. Div. Registration by CSSA.
Accepted for publication August 31, 2004.
REFERENCES
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  L. R. Gibson, C. D. Nance, and D. L. Karlen Winter Triticale Response to Nitrogen Fertilization when Grown after Corn or Soybean Agron. J., January 1, 2007; 99(1): 49 - 58. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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