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Registration of ‘Tlaxcala F2000’ Wheat

^a National Wheat Breeding Program, ‘Valle de México’ Experimental Station CIRCE-INIFAP, Apartado Postal # 10 Chapingo, Mex. 56230 Mexico
^b Wheat Quality Laboratory CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600, México D.F. México

^* Corresponding author (espitia.eduardo{at}inifap.gob.mx)

‘Tlaxcala F2000’ hard red spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Reg. no. CV-961, PI 619634) was developed by the National Institute for Forestry, Agriculture and Animal Research (INIFAP) in Mexico. Tlaxcala F2000 was named for Tlaxcala, one of the 16 states of Mexico where the variety has good adaptation. It was released in September 2000 on the basis of its high grain yield, resistance to leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks.), and stable performance under a wide range of environments in Mexico.

Tlaxcala F2000 originated from a cross between ‘Zacatecas VT74’ (PI 282050) and ‘Romoga F96’ (Moncho/Siskin//Canario), made during the summer of 1992 in the Valle de Mexico Agricultural Experimental Station of INIFAP (CEVAMEX) and designated as cross number TC920248-S. The F₁ was bulk harvested in Roque, Guanajuato in May 1992. An F₂ plant (designated 34C) was selected for desired height, maturity, and leaf rust resistance during the summer of 1993 in Chapingo, Mexico, which originated the F₃–34C family. Six F₃ plants were selected for drought tolerance at Roque, bulk harvested and designated 06R. Individual plants were selected from F₄ to F₆ on the basis of height and maturity. Tlaxcala F2000 was derived as a F_6:7 line on the basis of visual uniformity for the selected traits and tested under the designation TC920248-S-34C-06R-1C-0R-1C-0R.

Juvenile plants of Tlaxcala F2000 exhibit erect growth habit. Plant color at booting is green with a slight blue cast and a waxy bloom at anthesis. Tlaxcala F2000 shows early and late heads, and spikes are awned, middense, fusiform, and tapering. Kernels are hard, red, and midlong with a midwide and shallow crease, and have a thousand kernel weight of 38 g. The phenol reaction is fawn. Tlaxcala F2000 is a semidwarf wheat 83 cm tall, similar to ‘Pavon F96’ (PI 519847) and Romoga F96. Tlaxcala F2000 is a medium maturing cultivar with 60 d to heading and 110 d to physiological maturity, similar to Romoga F96 and five days earlier than Pavon F96.

From the summer of 1996 to 1999, Tlaxcala F2000 was tested in 57 environments across 12 Mexican states through the National Bread Wheat Yield Trial for rainfed areas. In those environments, precipitation varied from 350 mm (dryland) to 900 mm (high rainfall). Tlaxcala F2000 produced a mean grain yield of 2.8 Mg ha^–1, which was superior to Romoga F96 and Pavon F76 by 5.5 and 21.9%, respectively. In the lower rainfall environments (rainfall below 450 mm), Tlaxcala F2000 yielded 1.6 Mg ha^–1, outyielding Romoga F96 and Pavon F76 by 14.2 and 22.5%, respectively. In the high rainfall environments (rainfall over 650 mm), Tlaxcala F2000 yielded 4.1 Mg ha^–1, which is 7.2 and 16.8% superior to the yields of standard cultivars Romoga F96 and Pavon F76, respectively. Tlaxcala F2000 tends to be a stable variety as defined by Eberhart and Russell (1966) with a high mean grain yield and a regression coefficient of 1.05.

On the basis of evaluation in 38 environments under natural infection in Mexico, Tlaxcala F2000 is immune to stem rust (caused by P. graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici. Eriks. and Henn.), moderately resistant to leaf rust, similar to Romoga F96, and moderately resistant to stripe rust (caused by P. striiformis Westend.), similar to ‘Arandas F90’. It is moderately resistant to foliar diseases caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker, Septoria tritici Roberge in Desmaz., and Fusarium spp. On the basis of seedling genetic studies at the CIMMYT Wheat Pathology Laboratory, Tlaxcala F2000 carries genes Lr1 and Lr13, which are ineffective for most common leaf rust races present in Mexico. It is susceptible to P. triticina race MCJ/SP as a seedling plant (Singh, 1991), but highly resistant (5MR) to the same race as an adult plant. Tlaxcala F2000 adult plant stripe rust resistance is based on Yr18 and 2 to 3 slow-rusting genes of minor effects (Singh et al., 1999).

Milling and baking quality of Tlaxcala F2000 is good on the basis of CIMMYT Wheat Quality Laboratory tests using grain from 11 evaluation sites in 1999. Tlaxcala F2000 showed a volume weight (784 kg m^–3) higher than ‘Batan F96’ [PI603213 (752 kg m^–3)] and Romoga F96 (771 kg m^–3). Protein content was 125 g kg^–1 in the grain and 112 g kg^–1 in the flour, which are similar to check cultivars. Dough mixing properties of Tlaxcala F2000 were stronger than those of check varieties. The average loaf volume of Tlaxcala F2000 (846 cm³) was higher than that from Pavon F76 (839 cm³) and Batan F96 (820 cm³). According to Finlay and Wilkinson (1963), Tlaxcala F2000 can be characterized as having a stable loaf volume (b_i = 0.5).

Tlaxcala F2000 was registered (no. 1245-TRI-028-081099/C) by the Mexican Seeds Inspection and Certification Service (SNICS), adhering to the requirements established by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). Breeder seed of Tlaxcala F2000 will be maintained by the INIFAP Wheat Breeding Program. Limited quantities of seed for research are available on request.

NOTES

Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication July 31, 2004.

REFERENCES

• Eberhart, S.A., and W.A. Russell. 1966. Stability parameters for comparing varieties. Crop Sci. 6:36–40.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Finlay, K.W., and G.N. Wilkinson. 1963. The analysis of adaptation in a plant breeding programme. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 14:742–754.[Web of Science]
• Singh, R.P. 1991. Pathogenicity variations of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici and P. graminis f. sp. tritici in wheat growing areas of Mexico during 1998 and 1999. Plant Dis. 75:790–794.
• Singh, R.P., S. Rajaram, and J. Huerta-Espino. 1999. Combining additive genes for slow rusting type resistance to leaf and stripe rusts in wheat. p. 394–403. In The Tenth Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo.

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