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Registration of ‘Nahuatl F2000’ Wheat

^a National Wheat Breeding Program, ‘Valle de México’ Experimental Station CIRCE-INIFAP, Apartado Postal # 10 Chapingo, Mex. 56230 Mexico
^b Wheat Quality Laboratory CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600, México D.F. México

^* Corresponding author (espitia.eduardo{at}inifap.gob.com)

‘Nahuatl F2000’ hard white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Reg. no. CV-960, PI 619633) was developed cooperatively by the National Institute of Forestry Agriculture and Animal Research (INIFAP) and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in Mexico. Nahuatl F2000 is recommended for rainfed areas of Mexico that receive 350–600 mm of rain during the growing season.

Nahuatl F2000 has the pedigree ‘E7408’/‘Pamir’//‘Hork’ (PI 519726)/PF73226 (PI 520130)/3/‘Ures T81’ (PI 471923)/4/‘Opata M85’ (PI 519776)/5/Opata M85/‘Bobwhite’ (PI 519665). The final cross (designated CMBW89Y00814) was made by the CIMMYT Bread Wheat Program in March 1989 in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora. The segregating population was distributed by CIMMYT and selected by the INIFAP Rainfed Wheat Breeding Program at Chapingo, Mexico and Roque, Guanajuato. The F₁ was designated 0TOPM and the F₂ was evaluated under two irrigation conditions during the 1991–1992 growing season. Plant 9R was selected on the basis of apparent drought tolerance, giving origin to the F₃–9R family, which was then bulk harvested and designated 0C. In the F₄, the 2R plant was selected for height, maturity, and white seed color. In the F₅, the 3C plant was selected for resistance to leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks.) and the F₆ was derived as a visually uniform line for plant type and was identified as CMBW89Y00814-0TOPM-9R-0C-2R-3C-0R.

Coleoptiles of Nahuatl F2000 are predominantly green. Juvenile plants exhibit erect growth habit. Plant color at booting is green, and a waxy bloom is present on the stem and flag leaf sheath. Spikes of Nahuatl F2000 are middense, erect, but distinctly compacted at the tip. Kernels are hard, white, midlong with a midwide and shallow crease, with a thousand kernel weight of 36 g. Nahuatl F2000 is a semidwarf wheat moderately resistant to lodging. It is 83 cm tall, similar to ‘Pavon F76’ (PI 519847) and ‘Romoga F96’(Moncho/Siskin//Canario). Nahuatl F2000 is an early maturing cultivar with 57 d to flowering and 107 d to physiological maturity, five days earlier than Romoga F96.

From the summer of 1994 to 1999, Nahuatl F2000 was evaluated across 80 environments in 13 Mexican states through the National Bread Wheat Yield Trial for Rainfed Areas. In the rainfed sites, which were characterized by an annual average of 350 mm of rain, Nahuatl F2000 yield 1.6 Mg ha^–1 outyielding ‘Batan F96’(PI603213) and Romoga F96 by 8 to 13%, respectively. Under rainfed conditions, Nahuatl F2000 tends to be a stable variety (b_i = 1.04) as defined by Eberhart and Russell (1966) with a mean grain yield of 2.6 Mg ha^–1. At intermediate rainfall conditions (450 mm rain) Nahuatl F2000 yielded 2.7 Mg ha^–1, the same as Romoga F96.

On the basis of tests at 38 environments under natural infection in Mexico, Nahuatl F2000 exhibited immunity to stem rust (caused by P. graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici. Eriks. and Henn.); moderate resistance to leaf rust, similar to Romoga F96, and resistance to stripe rust (caused by P. striiformis Westend.). Nahuatl F2000 is moderately susceptible to foliar diseases caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker, Septoria tritici Roberge in Desmaz., and Fusarium spp. Therefore, Nahuatl F2000 is not recommended for planting in those areas where diseases caused by these pathogens are common. On the basis of genetic studies at the CIMMYT Wheat Pathology Laboratory, Nahuatl F2000 carries leaf rust resistance gene Lr16 as detected in seedling tests. In the adult plant stage, leaf tip necrosis is clearly distinguished, suggesting the presence of Lr34. Nahuatl F2000 bases its stripe rust resistance on the Yr18 gene and at least 3 other slow rusting genes with additive effects (Singh et al., 1999).

Milling and baking quality of Nahuatl F2000 is good on the basis of CIMMYT Wheat Quality Laboratory tests using grain from 11 evaluation sites in 1999. Nahuatl F2000 showed a volume weight (752 kg m^–3) similar to Batan F96 (752 kg m^–3), but lower than Romoga F96 (771 kg m^–3). Protein content was 130 g kg^–1 in the grain and 118 g kg^–1 in the flour, which was greater than Batan F96 and Romoga F96. The average loaf volume of Nahuatl F2000 (893 cm³) was higher than that from Pavon F76 (839 cm³) and Batan F96 (820 cm³). According to Finlay and Wilkinson (1963), Nahuatl F2000 can be characterized as having a stable loaf volume (b_i = 0.21).

Nahuatl F2000 was registered (no. 1242-TRI-025-081099/C) by the Mexican Seeds Inspection and Certification Service (SNICS), adhering to the requirements established by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). Breeder seed of Nahuatl F2000 will be maintained by the INIFAP Wheat Breeding Program. Limited quantities of seed for research are available on request.

NOTES

Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication July 31, 2004.

REFERENCES

• Eberhart, S.A., and W.A. Russell. 1966. Stability parameters for comparing varieties. Crop Sci. 6:36–40.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Finlay, K.W., and G.N. Wilkinson. 1963. The analysis of adaptation in a plant breeding programme. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 14:742–754.[ISI]
• Singh, R.P., S. Rajaram, and J. Huerta-Espino. 1999. Combining additive genes for slow rusting type resistance to leaf and stripe rusts in wheat. p. 394–403. In The Tenth Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo.

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