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Registration of ‘Juchi F2000’ Wheat

^a National Wheat Breeding Program, ‘Valle de México’ Experimental Station CIRCE-INIFAP, Apartado Postal # 10 Chapingo, Mex. 56230 México
^b Wheat Quality Laboratory CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600, México D.F. México

^* Corresponding author (espitia.eduardo{at}inifap.gob.mx)

‘Juchi F2000’ hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Reg. no. CV-962, PI 619635) was developed by the National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture and Animal Research (INIFAP) for rainfed areas of Mexico. Juchi F2000 was released in September 2000 on the basis of its high grain yield and stable performance under a wide range of environments.

Juchi F2000 has the pedigree ‘Kite’ (PI 442902)/‘Bobwhite’ (PI 519665)//‘Romoga F96’ (Moncho/Siskin//Canario). The final cross was made in Chapingo, Mexico in 1992 and given the cross designation TC920338-S. The F₁ was bulk harvested in Roque, Guanajuato in May and the F₂ population was evaluated for height and maturity in Chapingo during the summer of 1993 where an individual plant (designated 9C) was selected. The F₃–9C family was evaluated under drought stress and four plants were bulk harvested and designated 04R. From the F₄ to F₆, individual plants and families were selected on the basis of desired height, maturity, and resistance to leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks.). Juchi F2000 was derived as a F_6:7 line on the basis of visual uniformity for the selected characteristics and tested under the designation TC920338-S-9C-04R-1C-0R-1C-0R.

Coleoptiles of Juchi F2000 are predominantly green. Juvenile plants exhibited semierect growth habit. Plant color at booting is green with a slight blue cast and a waxy bloom at booting. The spike is awned, middense, fusiform, and tapering. Kernels are hard, red, midlong, and elliptical in shape. The kernel has no collar, a midsize brush of medium length, and a midwide and shallow crease. The phenol reaction is fawn. Juchi F2000 is a semidwarf wheat, averaging 85 cm in height, similar to ‘Pavon F96’ (PI 519847) and taller than Romoga F96. Juchi F2000 is a medium maturing cultivar with 63 d to heading and 113 d to physiological maturity, similar to Romoga F96 and four days earlier than Pavon F76.

From 1996 to 1999, Juchi F2000 was tested in 57 environments across 12 Mexican states in the National Bread Wheat Yield Trial for rainfed areas, where the environments varied in precipitation from 350 mm (dryland) to 900 mm (high rainfall). Over all environments, Juchi F2000 produced a mean grain yield of 2.7 Mg ha^–1, which was higher than Romoga F96 and Pavon F76 by 5.5 and 21.9%, respectively. In environments with less than 450 mm rainfall, Juchi F2000 yielded 1.5 Mg ha^–1, outyielding Romoga F96 and Pavon F76 by 11.2 and 16.4%, respectively. In high rainfall environments (over 650 mm), Juchi F2000 yielded 4.3 Mg ha^–1, which is 10.9 and 20.1% superior to the yield of standard cultivars Romoga F96 and Pavon F76, respectively. As shown by the regression coefficient (b_i = 1.2), the yield of Juchi F2000 is responsive to environmental (rainfall) conditions (Eberhart and Russell, 1966).

On the basis of evaluation in 38 environments under natural infection in Mexico, Juchi F2000 has shown immunity to stem rust (caused by P. graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici. Eriks. and Henn.), moderate resistance to leaf rust (similar to Romoga F96), and moderate resistance to stripe rust (caused by P. striiformis Westend.), [similar to ‘Arandas F90’ (Hermosillo 77/Sapsucker//Veery)]. It is moderately resistant to foliar diseases caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker, Septoria tritici Roberge in Desmaz., and Fusarium spp. On the basis of seedling studies conducted at CIMMYT, Juchi F2000 carries the leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr13, and Lr17 (which are ineffective for most common leaf rust races present in Mexico). It is susceptible to P. triticina race MCJ/SP as a seedling (Singh, 1991) but moderately resistant as an adult plant to the same race. Juchi F2000 also carries the leaf rust resistance gene Lr34. Juchi F2000 contains Yr18 and 2 to 3 genes of minor effects for resistance to stripe rust (Singh et al., 1999).

Milling and baking quality of Juchi F2000 is very good on the basis of CIMMYT Wheat Quality Laboratory tests using grain from 11 evaluation sites in 1999. Juchi F2000 had a volume weight of 792 kg m^–3, which was higher than ‘Batan F96’ [PI603213 (752 kg m^–3)] and Romoga F96 (771 kg m^–3). Protein content was 127 g kg^–1 in the grain and 115 g kg^–1 in the flour, which was similar to Romoga F96. The average loaf volume of Juchi F2000 (904 cm³) was higher than that of Pavon F76 (839 cm³) and Batan F96 (820 cm³).

Juchi F2000 was registered (no. 1242-TRI-025-081099/C) by the Mexican Seeds Inspection and Certification Service (SNICS), adhering to the requirements established by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). Breeder seed of Juchi F2000 will be maintained by the INIFAP wheat breeding program. Limited quantities of seed for research are available on request.

NOTES

Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication July 31, 2004.

REFERENCES

• Eberhart, S.A., and W.A. Russell. 1966. Stability parameters for comparing varieties. Crop Sci. 6:36–40.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Singh, R.P. 1991. Pathogenicity variations of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici and P. graminis f. sp. tritici in wheat growing areas of Mexico during 1998 and 1989. Plant Dis. 75:790–794.
• Singh, R.P., S. Rajaram, and J. Huerta-Espino. 1999. Combining additive genes for slow rusting type resistance to leaf and stripe rusts in wheat. p. 394–403. In The Tenth Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo.

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