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a USDA-ARS, 344 Keim Hall, P.O. Box 830937, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0937
b USDA-NRCS, North Dakota State Office, 220 Rosser Avenue, P.O. Box 1458, Bismarck, ND. 58502-1458
c D.D. Baltensperger, Panhandle Research & Extension Center, University of Nebraska, 4502 Ave. I, Scottsbluff, NE 69361-4939
d High Plains Grasslands Research Station, USDA-ARS, 8408 Hildreth Road, Cheyenne, WY 82009-8899
e KSU Agricultural Research Center and Dept. Biological Sciences, Fort Hays State University, Hays, KS 67601
* Corresponding author (kpv{at}unlserve.unl.edu)
‘Haymaker’ intermediate wheatgrass [Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski subsp. intermedia = Thinopyrum intermedium subsp. intermedium (Host) Barkw. & D.R. Dewey] (Reg. no. CV-27, PI 634506) is a broadly adapted cultivar that produces high, stable forage yields when used for cool-season grass hay production or for pastures in the tall, mid-grass, and short-grass ecoregions of the central and northern Great Plains. It was released in April 2003 by USDA-ARS; Agricultural Research Division, Institute of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; and USDA-NRCS. Haymaker was tested under the experimental designation NE TI3.
Haymaker is a synthetic cultivar or population produced by intermating selected plants from intermediate wheatgrass germplasm accessions and an adapted cultivar, Slate (Newell, 1974). The accessions originated from collections made by Douglas Dewey, USDA-ARS Plant Geneticist, in the former USSR in 1977. Three accessions with high forage yields, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and overall forage evaluation scores were identified. Superior plants in these accessions and from ‘Slate’ were identified prior to flowering in 1985 in an evaluation nursery at Mead, NE. All other plants were mowed and seed was harvested from the selected plants. The evaluation nursery had 20 plants of each accession. The accessions and the number of plants (in parentheses) selected from each accession were as follows: PI 440015 (15), PI 440008 (10), PI 440011 (17), and Slate (12). The harvested seed was used to establish an increase nursery of the strain designated NE TI3 in the fall of 1985. The increase nursery contained 1100 spaced plants which produced the Syn 2 seed of NE TI3 used to establish evaluation trials in the Great Plains.
Haymaker was tested across several ecoregions (Bailey, 1995) of the central and northern Great Plains at the following sites: Prairie (Mead, NE), Steppe (Hays, KS; Ft. Pierre, SD), Dry Steppe (Sidney, NE; Cheyenne, WY; Hettinger, ND) during the period 1990–1997. Haymaker had the greatest average forage yields at both the central and northern Great Plains sites when compared with released cultivars and other experimental strains of intermediate wheatgrass. The forage quality of Haymaker as measured by IVDMD and protein concentration is less than that of ‘Beefmaker’ (Vogel et al., 2005), but is similar to that of other released cultivars of intermediate wheatgrass. Haymaker is recommended for dryland hay production in the central and northern Great Plains, USA in USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 3, 4, and 5 (Cathey, 1990).
Haymaker has an erect growth habit and has rhizomes typical of intermediate wheatgrass. Its culms and leaves are glabrous and non-glacuous, and leaf margins are smooth. Leaves are green-yellow or Munsell 5GY 5/4 (Munsell Color, 1977). Sheaths have ligules, auricles are usually absent, and sheath margins are smooth. Spikes are oblong, erect, and have green, lanceolate glumes. Spike density is lax. Anthers are yellow. At 41o N lat. in the central Great Plains, Haymaker has anthesis the last week of June. The spike height of Haymaker varies with environment but is typically taller than other intermediate wheatgrasses and has a wider flag leaf.
Breeder seed will be jointly maintained and produced as needed by USDA-ARS and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln with random-mated isolations based on the Syn 2 seed used in evaluation trials. Foundation seed production of Haymaker will be managed by the Nebraska Foundation Seed Division, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583. Foundation seed will be made available for Certified seed production on a non-exclusive basis to seed producers who contractually agree to produce and market the seed only as Certified seed using the cultivar name Haymaker. A technology development and transfer fee will be assessed by the University of Nebraska.
Limited amounts of seed for research purposes will be provided upon written request to the corresponding author. Recipients are asked to recognize the source if it contributes to the development of a cultivar or germplasm or is used for other research purposes. U.S. Plant Variety Protection will be sought for Haymaker.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Appreciation for the technical support of Keith Glewen, James Kube, Patrick Callahan, Steve Masterson, Marty Schmer, and Kevin Grams is acknowledged
NOTES
Accepted for publication June 30, 2004.
REFERENCES
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