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REGISTRATIONS OF CULTIVARS

Registration of ‘Pacific Gold’ Oriental Condiment Mustard

Department of Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339

^* Corresponding author (jbrown{at}uidaho.edu)

‘Pacific Gold’ is an oriental spice mustard (Brassica juncea L.) (Reg. no. CV-12, PI 633009) developed for use as a condiment by the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station and officially released on 20 June 1999.

Pacific Gold is a near homozygous pure-line condiment oriental mustard cultivar that was selected for high adaptability to dryland farming regions of northern Idaho and eastern Washington. This cultivar was developed from a single plant selection made in 1993 from an F₄ population involving the cross ‘Cutlass’/J.89.102. Cutlass is an oriental mustard cultivar developed by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. J.89.102 is an accession from the University of Idaho germplasm collection which originated from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, and which was identified as being highly adaptable and having high yield potential for the environmental conditions of northern Idaho.

F₁ seed from the original cross was produced in the spring of 1992 and increased in the greenhouse in the fall of 1992 as the F₁ plant generation and spring of 1993 as the F₂ plant generation. Bulked F₃ seed (derived by open-pollination of eight F₂ plants in the greenhouse) was grown in bulk progeny yield trials in 1994. At harvest, 20 single plants were selected from the bulk progeny and threshed separately for seed increase and to increase homozygosity. From the F₅ stage (1995) through the F₈ stage (1998), a modified-pedigree-bulk breeding scheme was used (Swanston et al., 1981). At each evaluation stage, 20 single plant plots were planted for seed increase and bulk progeny were evaluated in replicated yield trials. Throughout the growing season, the single plant plots were visually inspected for uniformity and homogeneity. An additional 20 single plants were selected from the "best" single plant plots. Thereafter, the remainder of the single plant plots were bulk harvested, hand threshed, and the seed used to plant the following year's yield trials. This operation was repeated for three generations (F₅ to F₆, F₆ to F₇, and F₇ to F₈).

In 1999, 400 single plant selections were made from the F₉ single plant multiplication plots and each plant threshed separately. During the 1999-2000 winter season, two seeds from each plant were planted in 15 cm pots and grown to maturity in the greenhouse. Before flowering, each plant was bagged to minimize cross pollination. At harvest, each plant was harvested separately and evaluated for seed color. Seeds from plants with uniformly yellow-orange seed were retained and used to plant single plant plots in spring 2000. The growth characteristics of the single plant plots were monitored throughout the growing season and any color variants discarded. At harvest, all remaining single plant plots were harvested in bulk as Breeder seed. Foundation seed was planted from this Breeder seed stock in 2000 and increased as Certified seed in 2001.

Pacific Gold was evaluated in replicated field trials grown throughout the dryland agricultural regions of northern Idaho and eastern Washington between 1996 and 2002. Performance of Pacific Gold was compared to the Canadian cultivars Cutlass and ‘Lethbridge 22A’. Lethbridge 22A was developed by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, and released in 1967. These check cultivars represent the majority of the Canadian oriental mustard acreage and are the predominant mustards in this class worldwide. Pacific Gold is the first condiment oriental mustard to be developed for the Pacific Northwest region with no local cultivars available for comparison. Trial results from 1999 through 2002 were obtained from the Pacific Northwest Mustard Variety Trials (Brown et al., 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002).

Plants of Pacific Gold emerge quickly and become rapidly established. Flowering begins 54 d after planting, one day later than Lethbridge 22A, and similar to Cutlass. After flowering, plants average 150 cm in height, similar to Lethbridge 22A, but 4 cm taller than Cutlass. Plants reach physiological maturity on average 105 d after planting. Pacific Gold is highly resistant to lodging and seed shatter at maturity. Pacific Gold is moderately resistant to cabbage flea beetle (Phyllotreta cruciferae Goeze) and cabbage seedpod weevil (Ceutorhynchus assimilis Paykull), and diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.).

Seed yield potential of Pacific Gold in the inland Pacific Northwest region is excellent. When planted under conventional tillage systems, Pacific Gold seed yield averaged over 38 trials was 1974 kg ha^–1, which was significantly higher than Cutlass (1795 kg ha^–1) or Lethbridge 22A (1698 kg ha^–1). Pacific Gold planted under no tillage situations had a yield of 1583 kg ha^–1 averaged over 36 trials, which was significantly higher than either Cutlass (1471 kg ha^–1) or Lethbridge 22A (1378 kg ha^–1). Pacific Gold was entered into the Pacific Northwest Mustard Variety Trials between 1999 and 2002 at 55 sites and was the highest yielding entry at 44 sites.

Oil content of Pacific Gold (350 g kg^–1) was similar to Lethbridge 22A and significantly higher than Cutlass (336 g kg^–1). Seed oil fatty acid profile of Pacific Gold was not significantly different from Cutlass. Seed oil fractions contain 30 g kg^–1 stearic acid, 170 g kg^–1 oleic acid, 220 g kg^–1 linoleic acid, 130 g kg^–1 linolenic acid, 120 g kg^–1 eicosenoic acid, and 250 g kg^–1 erucic acid. Total glucosinolate content in Pacific Gold seed was significantly higher (303 µmol g^–1 of defatted seed meal) than Cutlass (216 µmol g^–1 of defatted seed meal). The primary glucosinolate in Pacific Gold was 2-propenyl glucosinolate (sinigrin), accounting for over 99% of the total glucosinolates.

Pacific Gold seedlings have small to medium size cotyledons and a semi-upright seedling growth habit at the rosette stage. Leaves are light to mid-green in color with very slight glaucosity. Leaves are pointed and leaf margins have a strong serration. Fully developed leaves are not lobed and the leaf attachment to the main stem shows no clasping. Flower buds appear at the tip of the apical meristem. Flowers are early to medium, beginning to open at 54 d after planting. Petals are bright yellow, and anther dotting is absent. Bilateral single pods (siliques) are semi-erect to erect. Pod length and width is short to medium (37.8 mm long and 4.1 mm wide) with long pedicel length (13.5 mm) and short pod beak (8.5 mm). Pods contain a low number (16.1 seeds pod^–1) of bright yellow-orange seeds. Seed size is medium-large with 1000-seed weight similar to Cutlass (2.6 g 1000 seeds^–1).

U.S. Plant Variety Protection of Pacific Gold is pending (PVP Certificate no. 200300202). Seed increases are limited to Foundation and Certified classes. Requests for seed of Pacific Gold for commercial production can be made to the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2331. Small amounts (1–25 g) of Pacific Gold seed for experimental purposes can be obtained from the corresponding author for at least 5 yr.

NOTES

Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication May 31, 2004.

REFERENCES

• Brown, J., J.B. Davis, and D. Wysocki. 1999. Pacific northwest mustard variety trial results 1999. PSES, University of Idaho, Moscow.
• Brown, J., J.B. Davis, and D. Wysocki. 2000. Pacific northwest mustard variety trial results 2000. PSES, University of Idaho, Moscow.
• Brown, J., J.B. Davis, and D. Wysocki. 2001. Pacific northwest mustard variety trial results 2001. PSES, University of Idaho, Moscow.
• Brown, J., J.B. Davis, and D. Wysocki. 2002. Pacific northwest mustard variety trial results 2000. PSES, University of Idaho, Moscow.
• Swanston, J.S., R.P. Ellis, W.B.T. Thomas, and J. Brown. 1981. An opportunistic breeding scheme. p. 172–175. In Proc. of the 4th International Barley Genetics Symposium, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.

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