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a Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
b Northern Agric. Res. Center, Star Rt. 36, Havre, MT 59501D
c Central Agric. Res. Center, HC90-Box 20, Moccasin, MT 59462
d Southern Agric. Res. Center, 748 Railroad Highway, Huntley, MT 50037
e Northwestern Agric. Res. Center, 4570 Montana 35, Kalispell, MT 59901
f Western Triangle Res. Center, P.O. Box 1474, Conrad, MT 59425
g Eastern Agric. Res. Center, Box 393, Sidney, MT 59270
* Corresponding author (usslt{at}montana.edu)
‘Choteau’ (Reg. no. CV-955, PI 633974) is a superior yielding, wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Nort.) resistant hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) developed by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station and released in February 2003. Choteau is targeted for production in areas of Montana infested with the wheat stem sawfly.
Choteau was derived as an F4 plant selection from the cross MT 9401/MT 9328. MT 9401 was a selection from the cross MT 8603/‘Amidon’ (PI 527682). MT 8603 was derived from the cross MT 7635/‘Nacozari’. MT 9328 was a selection from the cross MT 7810/MT7926. MT 7810 [‘Tezanos Pintos Precos’/‘Sonora 64’//‘Fortuna’ (PI 13596)] was a sister line to ‘Glenman’ (McNeal et al., 1985). MT 7926 was derived from a cross between an experimental line from North Dakota State University with unknown pedigree and MT 6830. MT 6830 has the pedigree ‘Sheridan’ (CI 13586)//CI 13253/5*‘Centana’ (CI 12974).
The breeding procedure for Choteau included single seed descent without selection in the F2 and F3 generations, followed by subsequent selection for height, maturity, stem solidness, and vigor in space-planted F4 rows. F5 head rows were evaluated for height, maturity, grain protein, stem solidness and apparent yield potential. Selected rows were entered into a single row replicated yield trial at Bozeman, MT, and evaluated for grain yield, grain protein, stem solidness, and dough mixing properties. Superior lines from this nursery, including Choteau, were entered into statewide yield trials following initial evaluation in preliminary yield trials in 1999.
Choteau has lax and tapering heads with white awns and glumes. Glumes are acuminate and the shoulder is wanting. Kernels are red, ovate, and have a medium brush. Kernels have a medium crease with rounded cheeks. Anthocyanin is absent in the coleoptile and the flag leaf is erect. Mature plant color is white.
Choteau has solid stems, which confers resistance to the wheat stem sawfly. On a scale of 5 through 25, where 5 is hollow and 25 is solid, Choteau had an average stem solidness score over six locations of 21.5 versus 16.8 and 13.6 for Fortuna and ‘Ernest’ (PI 592761), respectively. Fortuna and Ernest are currently the most widely grown solid stemmed wheat cultivars in Montana. Data from three nurseries infested with the wheat stem sawfly have shown cutting damage to Choteau is comparable to Fortuna, and less than Ernest. Choteau is resistant to stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers.) based on artificial inoculation in 1998 through 2002 with a bulk of uredospores initially collected from eastern Montana from 1990 through 1996. Race composition of the bulk is unknown. No data is available regarding reaction of Choteau to leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks.) or stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend.). Choteau is susceptible to the Russian wheat aphid [Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko)].
Choteau was originally evaluated in a preliminary yield nursery at four Montana locations in 1999, and has been tested yearly at nine or ten Montana locations since 2000. Choteau was entered in the Uniform Regional Hard Red Spring Wheat Nursery in 2001 and 2002 under the experimental number MT 9929. Mean grain yield of Choteau over 28 location/years was 4414 kg ha–1 compared with 4450 kg ha–1 for ‘McNeal’ and 3732 kg ha–1 for Fortuna. McNeal (PI 574642) (Lanning et al., 1995) is a hollow-stemmed wheat cultivar and has been the most widely grown cultivar in Montana since 1996. Mean grain volume of Choteau was 775 kg m–3 as compared with 768 and 773 kg m–3 for McNeal and Fortuna, respectively. Mean heading date was June 23 for Choteau, June 26 for McNeal, and June 24 for Fortuna. Height of Choteau averaged 68.4 cm, while McNeal and Fortuna averaged 73.2 and 84 cm, respectively. Choteau is resistant to lodging. Observations of segregation patterns indicate that Choteau has the Rht2 gene for semi-dwarf habit.
Grain protein of Choteau over 28 location/years averaged 156 g kg–1. Grain protein of McNeal and Fortuna were 151 and 153 g kg–1, respectively. Flour yield for Choteau averaged 649 g kg-1, compared with 644 and 679 g kg–1 for McNeal and Fortuna, respectively. Water absorption was 742, 759, and 729 g kg–1 for Choteau, McNeal and Fortuna, respectively. Loaf volume for Choteau averaged 1130 cm3, compared with 1191 and 1095 cm3 for McNeal and Fortuna, respectively.
Breeder seed was developed by selection for solid stems and uniformity among 400 head rows. Approximately 320 selected head rows were subsequently grown as six row plots at Bozeman, and aberrant plots were discarded. Remaining plots were bulked to form Breeder seed for Choteau. Breeder, Foundation, Registered and Certified classes of seed are recognized. Breeder and Foundation seed will be maintained by the Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, Bozeman, MT 59717. Small quantities of seed are available by request from the corresponding author.
NOTES
Research was supported in part by the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee. Registration by CSSA.
Accepted for publication April 30, 2004.
REFERENCES
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