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REGISTRATIONS OF PARENTAL LINES

Registration of Tx772 Maize

^a O'Higgins 1452 PB"A", 1426 Buenos Aires, Argentina
^b III, Soil and Crop Sciences Dep., Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843-2474

^* Corresponding author (javierbetran{at}tamu.edu)

Tx772, a maize (Zea mays L.) parental line, (Reg. no. PL-314, PI 633844) was jointly released in February 2003 by Carlos F. Llorente and the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station (TAES) at College Station, TX. This line was released for its utility in producing high-yielding, yellow-grain hybrids with flinty endosperm. Tx772 is an Argentine line suitable for use as a parent in hybrid combinations with Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) lines. Tx772 hybrids exhibit good agronomic and quality traits, and superior or competitive grain yields in comparison with standard commercial hybrids marketed in southern U.S. environments.

Tx772 was developed by pedigree breeding by Carlos F. Llorente in Argentina and was characterized in Texas by TAES scientists. In 1989, a common rust (caused by Puccinia sorghi Schwein.) resistant stock (RR) was used a donor and crossed with inbred 4521, an Argentine line that combines well with B73 and other BSSS germplasm, to develop a BC1 population (RR/2*4521). Tx772 was developed after six generations of selfing from the BC1 population based on ear-to-row selections for rust resistance and agronomic type. Tx772 was incorporated into the TAES Corn Breeding Program in 1994. The line was characterized for heterotic response, aflatoxin accumulation in grain, grain quality, nutritional value, and adaptation to Texas growing conditions from 1996 to 2002.

Tx772 is adapted to southern U.S. growing areas. It has an intermediate maturity, flowering about 1 to 2 days later than B73 at College Station. Tx772 ears are thin with 14 to 16 kernel rows and white cobs. Kernels are orange with a flint endosperm texture. Plants are short with low ear placement and dark green color. Plant leaves are commonly dark purple in V1-V5 vegetative stages. Adult plant leaves are flat. Tx772 has long husks that provide good ear coverage. Tx772 stands very well with low incidence of root and stalk lodging. Tassels are long with few branches. The main tassel is curved. It is an intermediate pollen shedder. Tx772 has protein content of 140 mg g^–1 crude protein, an increase of 25% compared with other inbreds such as B104. Tx772 is resistant to common rust and susceptible to sugarcane borer (Diatraea sacharalis).

Tx772 hybrids with BSSS lines have high yield potential and improved agronomic characteristics such as short plant type, low ear placement, early maturity, low moisture content at harvest, and low root and stalk lodging. Tx772 performs well under irrigated conditions in combination with Tx714, a white cob B73 derivative (Betrán et al., 2004). Hybrid Tx714/Tx772 was ranked among the three highest yielding hybrids in the Texas Corn Performance and Food Corn Performance Tests under irrigated conditions for 5 yr (1998–2002) (Pietsch et al., 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001). In these tests, Tx772 hybrids had similar or superior yields compared with commercial hybrids such as Pioneer Brand 3223, 31B13, Asgrow hybrid RX897, and Dekalb hybrids DK668 and DK687. Tx772 hybrids have harder, flintier endosperm than most commercial hybrids. This, together with white cob, is a desirable trait for the food corn industry as hard and vitreous endosperm is correlated with larger grits during dry milling and less susceptibility to insects and diseases.

Preharvest aflatoxin (AF) contamination is a primary limitation of corn production in the southern USA, causing economic losses and posing a risk to animal and human health. Tx772 was evaluated in a diallel study among six yellow maize inbreds at three locations with four to none replications in Texas during 2000 under inoculation with Aspergillus flavus Link:Fr. (Betrán et al., 2002). Yellow hybrids with low AF accumulation in grain were Tx772/Mp715 and Tx772/CML326. Tx772 and FR2128 had the best general combining ability for reduced AF accumulation in grain across locations or at specific locations. Tx772 had consistently low AF accumulation in hybrids across environments. Tx772 seems to provide favorable factors such as husk cover and flint endosperm for reducing the risk of AF contamination in specific hybrid combinations.

Seed of Tx772 may be requested from the corresponding author at the Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2474.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This research was supported in part by the Texas Corn Producers Board. We acknowledge the support of the TAMU Corn Breeding Program, Crop Testing Program, Cereal Quality Lab, and Research Stations staff involved in testing this line.

NOTES

Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication October 31, 2003.

REFERENCES

• Betrán, F.J., T. Isakeit, and G. Odvody. 2002. Aflatoxin accumulation of white and yellow maize inbreds in diallel crosses. Crop Sci. 42:1894–1901.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Betrán, F.J., A. Bockholt, F. Fojt, III, K. Mayfield, and D. Pietsch. 2004. Registration of Tx714 maize germplasm line. Crop Sci. 44(3):this issue.
• Pietsch, D., L.W. Rooney, E.L. Suhendro, L. Synatschk, F.J. Betran, and F. Fojt, III. 1998. Texas food corn performance tests. Technical Report No. 98-06. Texas Agric. Exp., Stn. College Station, TX.
• Pietsch, D. L., Synatschk, F.J. Betran, and F. Fojt III. 1999. 1999 Maize Performance Tests in Texas. Technical Report No. 1999-25. Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., College Station, TX.
• Pietsch, D., L.W. Rooney, and E.L. Suhendro. L. Synatschk, F.J. Betran, and F. Fojt III. 1999. 1999 Texas food maize performance tests. Technical Report No. 1999-26. Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., College Station, TX.
• Pietsch, D. L., Synatschk, F.J. Betran, and F. Fojt III. 2000. 2000 Corn Performance Tests in Texas. Technical Report No. 2001-01. Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., College Station, TX.
• Pietsch, D., L.W. Rooney, E. Riley, L. Synatschk, F.J. Betran, and F. Fojt, III. 2000. 2000 Texas food corn performance tests. Technical Report No. 2001-03. Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., College Station, TX.
• Pietsch, D., F.J. Betran, C. Coffman, and K. Mayfield. 2001. 2001 Corn Performance Tests in Texas. Technical Report No. 2002-01. Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., College Station, TX.
• Pietsch, D., L.W. Rooney, D. Gualberto, J. Owen, F.J. Betran, and K. Mayfield. 2001. 2001 Texas food corn performance tests. Technical Report No. 2001-03. Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., College Station, TX.

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