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REGISTRATIONS OF GERMPLASMS

Registration of Four Sunflower Germplasms Resistant to Race F of Broomrape

^a Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (CSIC), Apartado 4084, E-14080 Córdoba, Spain
^b Dep. of Breeding and Agronomy, CIFA Alameda del Obispo, Junta de Andalucía, Apartado 3092, Córdoba, Spain

^* Corresponding author (cs9femaj{at}uco.es)

Four sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) germplasms resistant to a new race F of broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) were jointly developed and released by the Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (CSIC) and the Center of Agricultural Research and Development (CIFA-Junta Andalucía) at Córdoba, Spain, in 2001. The resistance genes of K-96 (Reg. no. GP-273, PI 633612), L-86 (Reg. no. GP-274, PI 633613), P-96 (Reg. no. GP-275, PI 633614), and R-96 (Reg. no. GP-276, PI 633615) were derived from cultivated sunflower accessions. These germplasms will provide sunflower breeders genetic resistance to race F of broomrape.

Broomrape is a holoparasitic angiosperm that severely attacks sunflower roots causing severe crop losses in many areas, particularly in Southern Europe and the Black Sea region (Melero-Vara, 1999). Commercial hybrids cultivated in Spain have the Or₁ to Or₅ genes conferring resistance to races A through E. However, a new race designated F was identified in 1995 and has since spread to vast areas of southern and central regions of Spain (Alonso et al., 1996; Domínguez et al., 1996). Several sources of resistance to race F of broomrape have been identified in wild and cultivated sunflower (Jan et al., 1999; Fernández-Martínez et al., 2000; Rodríguez-Ojeda et al., 2001), but only germplasm with resistance genes derived from wild perennial sunflowers have been released (Jan et al., 2002).

K-96, L-86, P-96, and R-96 were selected from cultivated sunflower germplasm that initially exhibited segregation for resistance to race F of broomrape. K-96, P-96, and R-96 were selected from accessions of KREM-94-8, PER-94-5, and ROD-94-15, respectively, supplied by Dr. D. kori, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Yugoslavia. L-86 was derived from the USDA-ARS accession Ames 3377, which corresponds to the Russian cultivar VIR-115.

Plants of the original accessions were initially evaluated for broomrape race F reaction in the greenhouse in 1996. Symptomless plants identified within the four populations were self-pollinated in the greenhouse. Progenies from these plants were subjected to three additional cycles of disease screening and head-to-row self-pollination of symptomless plants. K-96, L-86, P-96, and R-96 were developed by bulking an equal numbers of seeds from 30 to 50 resistant plants, which were confirmed as true breeding for resistance to race F of broomrape. The germplasms are uniformly resistant to race E of broomrape. P-96 is a non-branched line carrying genes for fertility restoration for the PET1 cytoplasmic male sterility. K-96, L-86, and R-96 are non-restorer lines. K-96, L-86, P-96, and R-96 were 143.6 ± 9.8, 143.8 ± 9.6, 155.1 ± 7.3, and 142.2 ± 7.4 cm in height, respectively, compared to 111.3 ± 7.3 cm for HA-89 plants grown as a check in the 2002 field plots. Days from planting to flowering were 69.7 ± 2.4, 69.3 ± 2.7, 69.9 ± 1.9, and 69.9 ± 2.4, respectively compared to 74.1 ± 2.1 for HA-89. Plants of the four germplasms are nonbranched.

These germplasms will be useful as genetic sources of resistance to race F of broomrape in sunflower. Genetic studies on these germplasms concluded that the resistance is recessive and conditioned by alleles at two loci with at least two different types of epistasis (Akhtouch et al., 2002). The recessive nature of the trait will require the incorporation of the resistance genes in both parental lines for the development of resistant hybrids. Allelic relationships among the germplasm lines have not been studied.

Seed of each germplasm will be maintained and distributed by the authors. We ask that appropriate recognition be made if these germplasms contribute to the development of a hybrid or a new breeding line. U.S. Plant Variety Protection will not be requested for these germplasms.

NOTES

Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication October 31, 2003.

REFERENCES

• Akhtouch, B., J. Muñoz-Ruz, J. Melero-Vara, J. Fernández-Martínez, and J. Domínguez. 2002. Inheritance of resistance to race F of broomrape in sunflower lines of different origins. Plant Breed. 121:266–268.
• Alonso, L.C., J. Fernández-Escobar, G. López, M. Rodríguez-Ojeda, and F. Sallago. 1996. New highly virulent sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cernua Loefl.) pathothype in Spain. p. 639–644. In M.T. Moreno et al. (ed.), Advances in parasitic plant research. Proc. Int. Symp. Parasitic Weeds, 6th, Córdoba, Spain. 16–18 April. Congresos y Jornadas 36/96. Dirección General de Investigación Agraria, Consejería de Agricultura y Pesca, Sevilla, Spain.
• Domínguez, J., J.M. Melero-Vara, and A. Refoyo. 1996. Virulence groups of Orobanche cernua in Andalusia (southern Spain). p. 633–637. In M.T. Moreno et al. (ed.) Advances in parasitic plant research. Proc. Int. Symp. Parasitic Weeds, 6th, Córdoba, Spain. 16–18 April. Congresos y Jornadas 36/96. Dirección General de Investigación Agraria, Consejería de Agricultura y Pesca, Sevilla, Spain.
• Fernández-Martínez, J., J. Melero-Vara, J. Muñoz-Ruz, J. Ruso, and J. Domínguez. 2000. Selection of wild and cultivated sunflower for resistance to a new broomrape race that overcomes resistance to the Or₅ gene. Crop Sci. 40:550–555.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Jan, C.C., J. Ruso, J. Muñoz-Ruz, and J. Fernández-Martínez. 1999. Resistance of sunflower material derived from five perennial species to a new broomrape (O. cernua Loefl.) race, which overcomes the Or₅ gene. In Proc. Sunflower Research Workshop, 21st, Fargo, ND. 14–15 Jan. 1999. National Sunflower Association, Bismarck, ND.
• Jan, C.C., J.M. Fernández-Martínez, J. Ruso, and J. Muñoz-Ruz. 2002. Registration of four sunflower germplasms with resistance to Orobanche cumana race F. Crop Sci. 42:2217–2218.[Free Full Text]
• Melero-Vara, J.M. 1999. Pathogenic variability in Orobanche cumana Wallr. p. 149–155. In J.I. Cubero et al. (ed.) Resistance to Orobanche: The state of the art. Consejería de Agricultura y Pesca, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain.
• Rodríguez-Ojeda, M.I., J. Fernández-Escobar, and L.C. Alonso. 2001. Sunflower inbred line (KI-374), carrying two recessive genes for resistance against a highly virulent Spanish population of Orobanche cernua Loefl./O. cumana Wallr. race "F". p. 208–211. In A. Fér et al. (ed.), Proc. Int. Symp. Parasitic Weeds, 7th, Nantes, France. 5–8 June. University of Nantes, France.

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