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a USDA-ARS Forage and Range Research Lab., Logan, UT 84322
b Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
c Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105
d USDA-ARS Northern Crop Science Lab. Fargo, ND 58105
e Dep. of Cereal Science, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105
f Dep. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105
* Corresponding author (mpeel{at}cc.usu.edu)
‘Jerry’ hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Reg. no. CV-940, PI 632433) was developed by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with the USDA-ARS and released in July 2001. Jerry was named after Gerald (Jerry) Johnson who was the research technician on the winter wheat breeding program at North Dakota State University from 1969 to 1995. Jerry was released on the basis of its superior grain yield potential, lodging resistance, winter hardiness, and acceptable end-use quality. The target production area for Jerry is North Dakota, northern South Dakota, and eastern Minnesota.
Jerry was tested under the experimental designation ND9257 and is an F3–derived line from the cross ‘Roughrider’/ND7571//‘Arapahoe’ made in 1987 by D.J. Cox. Roughrider was released in 1975 and has a high level of winter hardiness and excellent grain quality (Erickson et al., 1977). Arapahoe was released by the Nebraska Agriculture Experiment Station in cooperation with the USDA-ARS in 1988 (Baenziger et al., 1989). ND7571 is a North Dakota experimental with the pedigree ‘Winoka’ (CItr14000)/NB66425. NB66425 is an experimental line from the Nebraska Agriculture Experiment Station developed in the 1960s. The F2 and F3 were advanced by the bulk breeding method. Jerry was visually selected as an F3:4 head row for agronomic merit including winter hardiness, maturity, and general resistance to disease in the field. From the F5 to release, the line was advanced with annual rouging to remove off-types. Jerry was tested in 38 trials in North Dakota from 1995 through 2000, and in 55 trials in the Northern Regional Performance Nursery in 1996, 1997, 1999, and 2000 at locations in Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming.
Juvenile plant growth of Jerry is erect, plant color at boot is dark green. Jerry has a midlong, midwide spike with long awns. The spike is tapering in shape, middense and inclined at maturity. Both the awns and glumes are white at maturity. Glumes are mid-long, mid-wide with a narrow elevated shoulder. The kernel is midlong with an ovate shape. It has a narrow middeep crease with rounded cheeks and a small germ. The brush is midsize and medium in length.
In 42 North Dakota and Regional trials (1996–2000), Jerry headed (12 June) on the same day as Roughrider. In 13 North Dakota trials (1995–2000), Jerry headed (11 June) 2 d before ‘Seward’ (Cox et al., 1988), and 1 d after ‘Ransom’ (Anderson et al., 2001). In 13 North Dakota trials (1995–2000) where lodging occurred, lodging of Jerry was 18% compared with 39, 41, and 35% for Roughrider, Seward, and Ransom, respectively. In 19 North Dakota trials (1995–2000), plant height of Jerry averaged 94 cm compared to Roughrider, Seward, and Ransom with plant heights of 99, 104, and 89 cm, respectively. The height of individual heads in single plants of Jerry can vary by as much as 10 cm, particularly when seeded lightly. Tall off-types occur in Jerry at a frequency less than 1%. Except for height, these are indistinguishable in head morphology and color during growth and at maturity from the predominate plant type. In 2001-2002, 200 F8:9 head rows of Jerry were grown for repurification. Tall off-type rows were rogued, the remainder were harvested in bulk and used as the new source for Breeder Seed.
In 38 North Dakota trials conducted from 1995 through 2000, grain yield of Jerry averaged 4,205 kg ha–1, which was 2% higher than Ransom (4123 kg ha–1), 7% higher than ‘Elkhorn’ (3816 kg ha–1) (Anderson et al., 1998), 5% higher than Seward (4007 kg ha–1), and 14% higher than Roughrider (3,617 kg ha–1). In the 4 yr Jerry was tested in the Northern Regional Performance Nursery, it had an average yield of 3949 kg ha–1 which was 16% higher than Roughrider (3299 kg ha–1). In 11 North Dakota trials (1995–2000) where winter kill was observed, Jerry exhibited 88% survival compared with Roughrider at 89% and Ransom at 83%.
Jerry has shown resistance to stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks & E. Henn; most likely possessing Sr6 and Sr16; USDA Cereal Disease Laboratory) and moderate resistance to leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks.; most likely possessing Lr10 and Lr16; USDA Cereal Disease Laboratory) in the seedling stage (data obtained from the Uniform Winter Wheat Northern Regional Performance Nursery, 1997, 1999, 2000). Field grown adult plants of Jerry in North Dakota have shown resistance to natural infection by stem rust and to leaf rust pathogens. Resistance to natural stem rust infection was similar to that observed for Seward and Roughrider. However, the hypersensitive response-based resistance to leaf rust observed on the flag leaf of Jerry was a marked improvement to the susceptible reactions observed on flag leaves of Seward and Roughrider.
The grain quality of Jerry was tested by the Department of Cereal and Food Science at North Dakota State University in 1997, 1998, and 1999. Grain volume weight of Jerry averaged 77.4 kg hL–1, which was lower than Roughrider (78.0 kg hL–1) and similar to Seward (77.2 kg hL–1). Grain and flour protein of Jerry (134 and 127 g kg–1, respectively) was slightly lower than Roughrider (139 and 132 g kg–1), but higher than Seward (124 and 116 g kg–1). Flour extraction on the Buhler Laboratory mill for Jerry (694 g kg–1) was slightly less than Roughrider (697 g kg–1) but higher than Seward (687 g kg–1). The flour ash content (4.4 g kg–1) was similar to Seward (4.5 g kg–1) and lower than Roughrider (4.9 g kg–1). Farinograph water absorption for Jerry (595 g kg–1) was less than Roughrider (606 g kg–1) and slightly higher than Seward (592 g kg–1). On the basis of the Farinograph, Jerry produces somewhat stronger mixing dough than Roughrider. Loaf volume of Jerry (942 cm–3) was lower than Roughrider (1006 cm–3).
Breeder Seed of Jerry will be maintained by the Seedstocks Project, Agriculture Experiment Station, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105-5051. Small samples of seed for research purposes maybe obtained from the Seedstocks Project for at least 5 yr. Protection for Jerry under the U.S. Plant Variety Protection Act will not be made.
NOTES
Accepted for publication November 30, 2003.
REFERENCES
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