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Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, P.O. Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
* Corresponding author (sadash{at}agr.gc.ca)
‘AC Andrew’ soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Reg. no. CV-936, PI 632907) was developed by the Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB. It was granted a regional (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia) interim registration (no. I-278) on 20 April 2001 by the Variety Registration Office, Plant Health and Production Division, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Government of Canada. AC Andrew is a bearded, soft white spring wheat adapted to irrigated regions of southern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan.
AC Andrew is an anther-derived doubled haploid line developed from an F2:6 line of the cross ‘Dirkwin’/SC8021V2//‘Treasure’/‘Blanca’ made in 1990. Dirkwin (Sunderman et al., 1980), Treasure (Sunderman and O'Connell, 1988), and Blanca (Sunderman et al., 1988) are soft white spring wheat cultivars developed by USDA-ARS and the Idaho Agriculture Experimental Station. SC8021V2 is a sprouting-tolerant white-kernelled germplasm line released by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK (DePauw et al., 1992).
The F2:6 line, used to produce the doubled haploid, was derived via head selection and the bulk method. Single head selections were made in the F2 population, and the F3 head rows were grown in a winter nursery near Brawley, CA. Promising F3 head rows were identified based on plant height, maturity, and resistance to lodging and shattering. Within each of these F3 head rows, single heads were selected and threshed in bulk. This seed was used to grow the F4 population at Lethbridge. The process of head selection and bulking was followed until the F6 generation. Doubled haploids were then produced from one of the F6 lines (B799) by the anther culture technique (Orshinsky and Sadasivaiah, 1994).
Twenty-six anther-derived doubled haploid lines were evaluated in a preliminary yield test in 1996. From 1997 to 1999, one of the lines, designated 96DH-812, was evaluated as SWS-241 in the Western Soft White Spring Wheat Cooperative Tests conducted at four locations (Lethbridge, Iron Springs, Vauxhall, and Bow Island) in southern Alberta and two locations (Saskatoon and Outlook) in southern Saskatchewan. The widely grown cultivars AC Reed (Sadasivaiah et al., 1993), AC Phil (Sadasivaiah et al., 2000), and AC Nanda (Sadasivaiah et al., 2000) were used as checks.
AC Andrew (8130 kg ha–1) out-yielded AC Reed (6880 kg ha–1) by 18% and outyielded AC Phil (7070 kg ha–1) and AC Nanda (6840 kg ha–1) by 15 and 19%, respectively, in 3 yr of testing in the Western Soft White Spring Wheat Cooperative Test. AC Andrew (91.5 cm) is about 5 cm taller than AC Reed and 3 cm shorter than AC Nanda with maturity (112 d) similar to AC Nanda, and 3 to 4 d later than AC Reed and AC Phil. AC Andrew has very good resistance to lodging (1.4 on a scale of 1 to 9) and shattering (1.2 on a scale of 1 to 9).
AC Andrew has a non-pigmented coleoptile and an erect juvenile growth habit. It has a dark green, midwide, midlong, and slightly curved flag leaf. The spikes are erect, oblong, midlong, middense, and white at maturity; awns are midlong and slightly spreading; glumes are midwide and midlong; glume shoulders are midwide and oblique; glume beaks are short and acuminate. The kernels are soft, creamy white, midsize (36.3 mg), midlong, midwide, and ovate to oval; the germ is midsize, and oval to ovate; the crease is midwide and middeep; cheeks are rounded to angular; brush is midsize and midlong.
AC Andrew is resistant to prevalent races of stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend.), stem rust (caused by P. graminis Pers.:Pers.) and powdery mildew (caused by Blumeria graminis DC. f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal), and is moderately resistant to leaf rust (caused by P. triticina Eriks.) and kernel black point [caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.:Fr.) Keissl.]. It is susceptible to common bunt [caused by Tilletia laevis Kuhn in Rabenh. and T. tritici (Bjerk.) G. Wint. in Rabenh.] and highly susceptible to loose smut [caused by Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr.]. Plants were inoculated at the appropriate developmental stages with a mixture of races prevalent in western Canada to evaluate resistance to stripe rust, leaf rust, stem rust, loose smut, and common bunt. Resistance to powdery mildew and black point was evaluated under field conditions with natural infection.
The milling and baking properties of AC Andrew were evaluated from 1997 to 1999 by the Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, MB, using AC Reed, AC Phil, and AC Nanda as check cultivars. The average grain protein content for AC Andrew and AC Nanda (11.4%) was slightly higher than AC Reed (10.9%) and AC Phil (10.67%). AC Andrew had lower volume weight (81.1 kg hL–1) than AC Reed (81.6 kg hL–1), AC Phil (81.5 kg hL–1), and AC Nanda (83.5 kg hL–1). The flour yield of AC Andrew (75.1%) was lower than AC Reed (75.8%), AC Phil (75.9%), and AC Nanda (75.8%). The falling number of AC Andrew (355 s) was similar to AC Reed (353 s) and AC Phil (350 s), but higher than AC Nanda (327 s). AC Andrew (406.7 B.U.) had a low amylograph peak viscosity (expressed in Brabender units) compared to AC Reed (493.3 B.U.), AC Phil (AC 488.3 B.U.), and AC Nanda (995.0 B.U.). Cultivars with high amylograph peak viscosity are preferable in some end-uses (e.g., soup thickener). Cookie diameter of AC Andrew (81.4 mm) was smaller than AC Reed (83.4 mm), AC Phil (84.0 mm), and AC Nanda (82.3).
Seed harvested from 183 headrows was increased in 2000 at the Indian Head Experimental Farm to form breeder seed. The Breeder seed of AC Andrew will be maintained by the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Experimental Farm, Indian Head, SK., Canada S0G 2K0. The multiplication and distribution of pedigreed seed will be handled by SeCan Association, 201-52 Antares Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K2E 7Z1.
NOTES
Development of AC Andrew was partly funded by the Alberta Agricultural Research Institute and Alberta Soft Wheat Producers Commission through a Matching Grants Program (project #97M186), Western Grains Research Foundation and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada's Matching Investment Initiative program. LRC Contribution No. 387-02105. Registration by CSSA.
Accepted for publication August 31, 2003.
REFERENCES
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