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a Dep. of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
b Dep. of Plant Pathology, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
c Dep. of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Lonoke, AR 72086
* Corresponding author (rbacon{at}uark.edu)
‘Pat’ soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Reg. no. CV-933, PI 631446) was developed by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. It was released in October 2001 because of its resistance to stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend.) and consistently high grain yield under Arkansas conditions. Pat was named in honor of Mr. Pat Sullivan, the first president of the Arkansas Association of Wheat Growers and a long-time leader of the wheat industry in Arkansas.
Pat was derived from a F2 population received from Dr. Stephen Harrison, Louisiana State University, in a germplasm exchange in 1991. The cross of ‘Terral 101’/‘2548’ (PI 532913) was made in 1990. Terral 101 has the pedigree Coker 71-21/‘Blueboy II’//Coker 65-20*5/‘Wichita’ 7*‘Transfer’. The population was grown as a bulk in the F2 and F3 generations at Stuttgart, AR, to allow natural selection for wet soil conditions. Single head selections were made in the F4 bulk and subsequently in an F4:5 headrow on the basis of plant height, maturity date, plant type, reaction to leaf rust (caused by P. triticina Eriks.), and reaction to Septoria leaf blotch (caused by Septoria tritici Roberge in Desmaz.). The resulting F5:6 experimental line was designated as AR 839-27-1-3. During the F6 generation, it was advanced because of its resistance to Wheat soilborne mosaic virus (SBWMV) and Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV). During subsequent generations, it was advanced primarily because of good grain volume weight and grain yield under Arkansas conditions. AR 839-27-1-3 was tested in the Arkansas Small Grain Cultivar Performance Trials in 2000, 2001, and 2002 and in the USDA-ARS Uniform Southern and Uniform Eastern Soft Red Winter Wheat nurseries in 2001.
In Jackson County, Arkansas, under natural SBWMV and WSSMV inoculum, Pat was resistant with a rating of 1 on a 0-to-9 scale, compared to the susceptible ‘Coker 9663’, which rated 7. Pat showed complete resistance (0% infection) to stripe rust in 2002 in an inoculated (race PST-80) screening nursery at Fayetteville, AR, compared with 37% severity on the susceptible Coker 9663. In a naturally infected nursery in Lewisville, AR, Pat had 0% severity of stripe rust and Coker 9663 had 33%. In Arkansas trials in 2000 under natural inoculum, Pat exhibited moderate resistance to leaf rust, similar to Coker 9663. According to seedling tests conducted by the USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Lab, St. Paul, MN, Pat contains the genes Lr1, Lr3, Lr10, Lr11, and Lr18 plus an unidentified gene(s) for leaf rust resistance. Pat is moderately susceptible to Septoria leaf blotch, similar to Coker 9663 on the basis of a natural infection at Stuttgart, AR, in 2001. Pat is susceptible to powdery mildew (caused by Blumeria graminis DC f. sp. tritici Ém. Marchal).
Pat is an awned, white-chaffed wheat which is approximately 5 cm taller and 1d later in maturity than ‘Sabbe’ (Bacon et al., 2002). Pat is most similar in appearance to ‘Shelby’ (PI 597882). Both Pat and Shelby are approximately 91 cm tall and have a plant color of 147A in the yellow-green group (as referenced by the Royal Horticultural Society Color Chart). Pat has slightly narrower flag leaves than Shelby and Pat heads approximately 5 d later than Shelby in Arkansas. At maturity, Pat has spikes that are awned, mid-dense, fusiform, and nodding at maturity. The white glumes are glabrous, short (9 mm) and midwide with narrow, oblique shoulders and narrow, accuminate beaks. Kernels are red, short to midlong and ovate, with a small germ; the kernel brush is midsized and midlong; the kernel crease is narrow in width and is mid-deep with rounded cheeks. Kernels on average are 6.3 mm long and 3.0 mm wide with a kernel weight of 32 mg.
On the basis of its grain yield and volume weight in experimental tests, Pat has excellent adaptation in Arkansas. Compared with Sabbe in 27 Arkansas Small Grain Cultivar Performance Tests in 2000, 2001, and 2002, Pat (5032 kg ha–1) yielded higher than Sabbe (4808 kg ha–1) and had a heavier grain volume weight of 719 kg m–3 compared to 690 kg m–3, for Sabbe. Pat has good winter hardiness for its area of adaptation, showing no winter kill in Arkansas trials from 2000 to 2002. On the basis of data from the eight tests in the 2000, 2001, and 2002 Arkansas Small-Grain Cultivar Performance Trials with substantial lodging (>5%), Pat had 2% lodging compared to 26% for Coker 9663.
Pat was tested for end-use quality characteristics at the USDA-ARS Soft Wheat Quality Lab at Wooster, OH. Results from seven southern U.S. locations, indicate Pat has soft wheat quality similar to the quality check cultivar Mason (milling score of 102.3 for Pat compared with 100 for Mason and baking score of 95.2 for Pat compared with 100 for Mason). Individual quality parameters from these tests indicate micro volume weight of 767 kg m–3 for Pat and 762 kg m–3 for Mason, a softness equivalence of 56.3% for Pat compared with 61.0% for Mason, flour protein content of 9.4% for Pat and 9.3% for Mason, flour yield of 73.2% for Pat and 71.1% for Mason, micro alkaline water retention capacity of 53.7% for Pat and 55.7% for Mason, cookie diameter of 17.6 cm for Pat compared to 17.7 cm for Mason, and a cookie top grain score of 3.0 for Pat compared with 4.0 for Mason.
Original Breeder seed (F5:11) was derived from a 1.5- by 30.5-m increase strip that was rogued three times. Breeder seed will be maintained by rouging and periodically growing headrows. U.S. Plant Variety Protection under Title V of the PVP (#200200274) was issued 24 Apr. 2003. Classes of seed production are limited to Breeder, Foundation, and Certified. Breeder Seed is maintained by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville, AR 72701. Small quantities of seed for research purposes are available upon request from the corresponding author.
NOTES
Published with the approval of the Director, Arkansas Agric. Exp. Stn. The research was supported in part by grants from the Arkansas Wheat Promotion Board. Registration by CSSA.
Accepted for publication August 31, 2003.
REFERENCES
This article has been cited by other articles:
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  R.K. Bacon, J.T. Kelly, E.A. Milus, and C.E. Parsons Registration of 'AR 910' Wheat Crop Sci., February 24, 2006; 46(2): 985 - 986. [Full Text] [PDF]
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R.K. Bacon, J.T. Kelly, E.A. Milus, and C.E. Parsons Registration of 'AR 839' Wheat Crop Sci., January 24, 2006; 46(1): 471 - 472. [Full Text] [PDF]
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