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a USDA-ARS, 1509 Aggie Dr., Beaumont, TX 77713-8530
b Borlaug Center for Southern Crop Improvement, Dep. Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
* Corresponding author (amcclung{at}ag.tamu.edu)
‘Saber’ rice (Oryza sativa L.) (Reg. no. CV-117, PI 633624), an early-maturing, long-grain cultivar with improved blast and sheath blight resistance, was developed at the Texas A&M Univ. System Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr. at Beaumont, TX, by the USDA-ARS in cooperation with the Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., the Texas Rice Improvement Assoc., and the Texas Rice Res. Foundation. Saber was officially released in 2001 by the USDA-ARS in cooperation with the Agric. Exp. Stn. of Texas A&M Univ., the Univ. of Arkansas, Louisiana State Univ., and Mississippi State University.
Saber was developed from the cross 'Gulfmont'/RU8703196//'Te Qing' (cross number B8910A11) produced at Beaumont in 1989. Gulfmont is an early maturing, semidwarf cultivar with excellent main crop yield and milling quality that was released in 1986 (Bollich et al., 1990). RU8703196 is a long-grain germplasm source that was released in 1995 and has improved resistance to blast and sheath blight diseases (Marchetti et al., 1995). Te Qing (PI 536047) is a medium grain cultivar from China that possesses high amylose content and firm cooking quality that is typical of indica long grains. When grown in the southern USA, Te Qing has been characterized as having high yield potential, medium height, relatively late maturity, and excellent resistance to rice blast disease (caused by Pyricularia grisea Sacc. = P. oryzae Cavara) and sheath blight disease (caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn). Saber was developed by a modified pedigree breeding method and was entered into the 1996 Uniform Regional Rice Nurseries under the designation RU9603178 as a bulk of F8 breeding rows.
The grain dimension of Saber is smaller than its parent, Gulfmont (Table 1), and its endosperm is nonglutinous, nonaromatic, and covered by a light brown pericarp. Like Gulfmont, Saber is characterized as a conventional cooking and processing U.S. long-grain having an intermediate apparent amylose content of 21.0 g kg–1 and an intermediate gelatinization temperature (70–75°C) as indicated by alkali spreading values of 3 to 5 in 17 g kg–1 KOH solution.
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Over 5 yr and in 13 screening nurseries inoculated with sheath blight, Saber has demonstrated improved levels of resistance. On the basis of a scale of 1 = very resistant to 9 = very susceptible, Saber was rated 5.2, whereas Jefferson, Gulfmont, Kaybonnet, Cypress, and Madison averaged 6.2, 7.0, 5.9, 6.8, and 6.5, respectively. In a 2-yr study at Beaumont, yield losses due to sheath blight were very low for Saber (4.5%) as compared with Jefferson (11.2%), Lemont (15.4%), Cypress (9.0%), and Madison (18.8%). In these trials, the level of disease severity (1 = very resistant to 9 = very susceptible) was the lowest for Saber (2.9) as compared with Jefferson (3.4), Lemont (5.9), Cypress (3.8), and Madison (6.0).
Screening results for reaction to narrow brown leaf spot [caused by Cercospora janseana (Racib.) O. Const. = C. oryzae Miyake] has also indicated that Saber is very resistant (rated 0) as compared to Gulfmont, Jefferson, and Kaybonnet (rated as 4). Saber also appears to have good levels of resistance to brown spot [caused by Cochliobolus miyabeanus (Ito & Kuribayashi) Drechs. ex Dastur; anamorph: Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoemaker], leaf smut (caused by Entyloma oryzae Syd. & P. Syd.), panicle blight (cause undetermined), and to the physiological disorder straighthead. Thus, the improved level of general disease resistance found in Saber will probably preclude the use of fungicides for control of many common diseases of rice.
Saber is a semidwarf whose mature plant height is 97 cm, similar to Cypress (94 cm). At anthesis, the apiculus is red whereas at maturity, the spikelet and apiculus are straw-colored and awnless. Plants have erect tillers, and the leaves, lemma, and palea are glabrous. Average number of days to 50% flowering (80) and days to harvest (114) are similar to Gulfmont and about 1 wk later than Jefferson. Seedling vigor is better than Gulfmont and similar to Cypress.
In 43 statewide and regional tests conducted during 1996 to 2000, average grain yield (120 g kg–1 moisture) of Saber was 7337 kg ha–1, compared with 7630, 7601, and 7922 kg ha–1 for Jefferson, Gulfmont, and Cypress, respectively. In these trials, the milling yield (mg g–1 whole milled kernels: mg g–1 total milled rice) of Saber averaged 612:673 as compared with Jefferson (589:694), Gulfmont (579:704), and Cypress (622:697). In trials conducted during 1996 to 2000, ratoon crop potential of Saber (3294 kg ha–1) was slightly better than Jefferson (2867), Gulfmont (2816), and Cypress (2588). This indicates that Saber is well adapted for production across the southern USA.
Breeder seed of Saber will be maintained by the Texas A&M University System Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr. at Beaumont. Foundation seed will be available from the Texas Rice Improvement Association, 1509 Aggie Dr., Beaumont, TX 77713-8530. Limited quantities of seed will be available upon request from the corresponding author for at least 5 yr. Recipients of seed are asked to make appropriate recognition if Saber is used in the development of a new cultivar, germplasm, parental line, or genetic stock.
NOTES
Accepted for publication August 31, 2003.
REFERENCES
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