| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
a Dep. of Plant Biology and Pathology, Cook College, Rutgers Univ., 59 Dudley Rd., Foran Hall, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
b Advanta Seeds Pacific, 33725 Columbus St. SE, P.O. Box 1496, Albany, OR 97321-0452
c Pennington Seed Co., P.O. Box 290, Madison, GA 30650
* Corresponding author (bonos{at}aesop.rutgers.edu)
‘Applaud’ perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) (Reg. no. CV-231, PI 632258) is a turf-type perennial ryegrass developed with the participation of Advanta Seeds Pacific, Albany, OR, and released by Pennington Seed Co., Madison, GA, in 2001. Germplasm obtained from the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station was used in its development. Applaud was tested as Pennington-11301. The first certified seed was produced in 2001.
Applaud is an advanced-generation synthetic cultivar selected from the half-sib progenies of 285 plants, which trace maternally to plants selected from 20 different sources of germplasm. Approximately 6% of the maternal germplasm traces to a population related to ‘Premier’ (Funk et al., 1983). Twenty-one percent of the germplasm traces to plants selected from the grounds of the Waksman Institute of Microbiology and adjacent areas of the Rutgers University Golf Course in Piscataway, NJ, in 1991. Fifty percent traces to plants selected for survival in a flooded field, which suffered severe Pythium blight disease (caused by Pythium spp.) damage in 1989. This genotype and the other 23% traces primarily to plants selected from old turfs in the mid-Atlantic region of the USA starting in 1962. Three additional pollen sources not harvested included progeny from two plants collected from Poland in 1996 and a plant selected for dark-green color and low growth habit from 4 Delaware Drive, East Brunswick, NJ (identified as Delaware Dwarf). Progenies of each of these plants were subjected to many cycles of phenotypic and genotypic recurrent selection in greenhouse disease screening tests, spaced-plant nurseries, and single-plant progeny turf trials located in central New Jersey for up to three decades before the final development of Applaud.
Seven hundred fifty single-plant progenies were established in a turf trial at the Rutgers Plant Biology and Pathology Research and Extension Farm at Adelphia, NJ, in 1997. This turf trial included many standard cultivars and experimental synthetics. The trial was evaluated at frequent intervals for turf performance including speed of establishment, overall appearance, growth characteristics, color, density, texture, uniformity, disease reaction, and stress tolerance. During the fall of 1998, approximately 96 plants were selected from each of the 23 best performing single-plant progeny turf plots based on vigor, density, dark-green color, overall disease resistance, and summer stress tolerance. These plants were screened for shoot density, low growth habit, and freedom from disease. Twenty-four plants of each progeny line (540 plants) were transplanted to a spaced-plant nursery in the fall of 1998. During the spring of 1999, approximately 22% of the 540 plants were rogued for poor quality, disease susceptibility, poor seed yield potential, and/or lack of crown density to improve uniformity. Approximately 33% of the remaining plants were not harvested because of crown rust (caused by Puccinia coronata Corda var. coronata) development after anthesis and/or poor floret fertility. Breeder seed was harvested in the summer of 1999 from 285 plants selected from 20 of the 23 maternal clones and sent to Advanta Seeds Pacific, Inc. Approximately 95% of this seed contained a Neotyphodium spp. endophyte. This seed was used to establish an experimental Foundation seed increase field during the fall of 1999 and was also entered in the 1999 National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) perennial ryegrass test (Morris, 2000).
Applaud is a medium-late maturing, low-growing, turf-type perennial ryegrass, with an attractive dark-green color, fine leaf texture, and medium-high shoot density (Morris, 2000; Morris, 2001). It showed excellent overall turf performance in NTEP trials under various maintenance regimes. Applaud also exhibited good resistance to crown rust disease and good resistance to leaf spot (caused by Drechslera siccans Drechs.), stem rust (caused by P. graminis Pers.:Pers.), red thread [caused by Laetisaria fuciformis (McAlpine)], and dollar spot [caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa (F.T. Bennet)] in NTEP trials (Morris, 2000; Morris, 2001). Applaud shows promise for excellent turf performance on home lawns, athletic fields, and golf course fairways throughout regions where perennial ryegrass is well adapted.
Seed production of Applaud is limited to one generation of Foundation and two generations of Certified seed. U.S. Plant Variety Protection for Applaud has been applied for (PVP Application no. 200200259). Breeder seed is maintained by Pennington Seed Co.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Appreciation is expressed to George Zieminski, Mike Reynolds, Jim Schumacher, Ron Bara, Melissa Mohr, Rachel Bara, Thomas Molnar, and all participants involved in the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program for their assistance.
NOTES
Publication No. 12180-2-03. Some of this work was conducted as part of the NJAES Project no. 12180, supported by NJAES funds, other grants and gifts. Additional support was received from the U.S. Golf Association-Golf Course Superintendents Association of America Research Fund, and the New Jersey Turfgrass Association. Registration by CSSA.
Accepted for publication June 30, 2003.
REFERENCES
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| The SCI Journals | Agronomy Journal | Vadose Zone Journal | |||
| Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education |
Soil Science Society of America Journal | ||||
| Journal of Plant Registrations | Journal of Environmental Quality |
The Plant Genome | |||
