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Simplot/Jacklin Seed, West 5300 Riverbend Ave., Post Falls, ID 83854-9499
* Corresponding author (dbrede{at}simplot.com)
‘Impact’ Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) (Reg. no. CV-72, PI 599225) is a turf-type cultivar released in August 1996 by the J.R. Simplot Co., Jacklin Seed, Post Falls, ID. Experimental designations for Impact were 91-1576 and J-1576.
Impact originated from a highly apomictic, single-plant selection from hybrid cross 89-1037, made in the field at Post Falls in July 1989 with pollen from ‘Midnight’ (Meyer et al., 1984) used to pollinate plants of ‘Limousine’ (Alderson and Sharp, 1994). Seeds harvested from Limousine mother-plants were individually sown into cells of greenhouse flats during the spring of 1990 and later transplanted to a spaced-plant field nursery of 33 500 plants. Offspring with characteristics dissimilar to Limousine were flagged during maturation in the spring of 1991. Plant number 91-1576 differed from Limousine by its foliar characteristics before seedhead expression. It produced 28 g of seed, which is approximately double that for a typical Kentucky bluegrass spaced plant in northern Idaho. Seed harvested from this plant was used to establish a turf trial in September 1991, a replicated seed yield trial in August 1992, and a Plant Variety Protection (PVP) trial in June 1994, near Post Falls.
Impact is most similar to ‘Quantum Leap’ (PI 603096), which was developed from the same cross. It can be differentiated from Quantum Leap based on seven botanical traits, as recorded in the United States PVP application for Impact. These traits include longer culm length, longer panicle length, longer flag leaf length, and earlier reproductive maturity in seed production.
Progeny trials, conducted in a 1995 spaced-plant nursery, determined that the mean spaced-plant apomixis rate of Impact was 95%, but this may vary depending on weather and growing conditions. A survey of 1560 plants of Impact showed that 1.5% of plants were variants in the vegetative (pre-flowering) stage, 1.5% were heading maturity variants, 0.6% seedhead variants, 0.4% miniature plants, and 1% were headless plants. Very few of the variants were evident before the heading stage of maturation. Most were evident at heading and during anthesis. In general, variants were later in maturity with a shorter culm length than the majority plant form. Approximately 0.5% of plants exhibited a "common-type" growth habit, with culms extending approximately 20 cm above the majority.
Impact ranked fifth in overall turf quality out of 173 entries in the 2000 National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) Kentucky bluegrass trial (Morris, 2002). It ranked third for quality at close mowing (less than 2.5-cm-mowing height), eleventh at 2.5- to 5-cm mowing, twelfth at 5 to 7.5-cm-mowing height, and second at >7.5-cm-mowing height with no irrigation. Impact ranked sixth in turfgrass quality across the Northeastern region [MA, ME, NJ (2 locations), NY, PA, and RI], first in the Great Plains region [KS, NE (2 locations), OK, and SD], and first in the Mountain West region (CO, UT, and WA). It exhibited dark green genetic color, good seedling vigor, high density in spring and summer, good resistance to leaf spot [caused by Drechslera poae (Baudys) Shoem], and little Poa annua L. encroachment. Impact was also tested in the 1995 to 1999 medium-high maintenance NTEP trial, where it ranked ninth out of 103 entries for turf quality (Morris, 2001).
In 8 yr of commercial seed production, Impact has demonstrated the potential for high yields of quality seed, relative freedom from ergot [caused by Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul.], and no adverse reactions to labeled Kentucky bluegrass pesticides.
Impact is recommended for golf course tees, fairways, and roughs, and for lawns, parks, and sports turf, in full sun or some shade, in areas where Kentucky bluegrass is well adapted for turf. It is compatible in blends and mixtures with other cool-season turfgrasses at mowing heights as low as 13 mm.
Breeder seed, first harvested in 1995, is maintained by Simplot/Jacklin Seed. Seed propagation is limited to one generation of increase for Foundation, Registered, and Certified seed. U.S. Plant Variety Protection application no. 9700385 has been filed for Impact.
NOTES
Accepted for publication April 30, 2003.
REFERENCES
This article has been cited by other articles:
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  A. D. Brede Registration of 'Barrister' Kentucky Bluegrass Crop Sci., November 21, 2006; 46(6): 2718 - 2719. [Full Text] [PDF]
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