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REGISTRATIONS OF CULTIVARS

Registration of ‘Seahawk’ Navy Bean

^a Dep. of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824
^b CAPES-Brazil
^c Sugarbeet and Bean Res., USDA-ARS, East Lansing, MI 48824
^d Mich. Dry Bean Production Res. Advisory Board, 3066 S. Thomas Rd., Saginaw, MI 48603

^* Corresponding author (kellyj{at}msu.edu)

‘Seahawk’ navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Reg. no. CV-210, PI 633036) was developed and released cooperatively by the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA-ARS in 2003 as a high-yielding, midseason, cultivar possessing tolerance to white mold [caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary] and excellent canning quality.

Seahawk, tested as N97774, was derived from a cross made in 1994 between navy bean cultivars Bunsi (Tu and Beversdorf, 1982) and Huron (Kelly et al., 1994). Bunsi, also known as ‘Ex-Rico 23’ in Canada, is a white mold tolerant, mid-season, commercial navy bean cultivar with a semiprostrate indeterminate growth habit that exhibits a persistent green stem at maturity. Huron is a white mold tolerant, early-season, short erect indeterminate commercial navy bean cultivar with excellent canning quality. The cross was made to combine diverse sources of resistance to white mold in navy bean (Kolkman and Kelly, 2002). The F₁ plants were advanced in the greenhouse and space-planted in an F₂ nursery at the Saginaw Valley Bean and Sugarbeet Research Farm near Saginaw, MI. A single-plant F₂ selection was identified as possessing the desired agronomic and navy seed traits. The F₃ progeny row was planted at the University of Puerto Rico Research Station at Isabela, PR, and mass selected on the basis of agronomic and seed traits. A single-plant selection was made in a space-planted F_4:5 nursery in Michigan on the basis of agronomic and navy bean seed traits. The F₅ progeny row was advanced at Isabela, PR, and the reaction to virus was confirmed by inoculating remnant seed with Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV, strain NL 3). The F_4:6 breeding line, coded N97774, entered replicated yield trials in 1997.

Seahawk was tested extensively for yield and agronomic traits at 31 locations in Michigan over six seasons (1997–2002). Seahawk averaged 3100 kg ha¹ and was equivalent in yield to navy bean cultivars Vista and Schooner, and Crestwood over a number of common test sites ranging from 12 to 23 locations. Seahawk outyielded the commercial navy bean cultivars (Mayflower, Mackinac, Avanti, and Navigator) by a margin ranging from 5 to 11% over a number of common locations ranging from 9 to 18. Seahawk demonstrated similar yield superiority among navy bean cultivars entered in the National Cooperative Nurseries grown at eight locations in North America in 2002.

Seahawk averages 46 cm in height and exhibits a Type IIb indeterminate growth habit, with moderate tolerance to lodging. Seahawk has white flowers and blooms 45 d after planting. Seahawk is a midseason bean, maturing 97 d after planting, and has a range in maturity from 90 to 101 d, depending on season and location. Seahawk matures similar to Schooner and 3 d earlier than Vista and Mayflower (Kelly et al., 1989). Plants of Seahawk mature uniformly and show excellent dry-down across a broad range of environments.

Seahawk carries the single dominant hypersensitive I gene for resistance to Beancommon mosaic virus (BCMV), but is sensitive to the temperature-insensitive necrosis-inducing strains of BCMNV such as NL 3 and NL 8. Seahawk carries the Co-2 gene, which conditions resistance to Races 7 and 65 of bean anthracnose [caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams. - Scrib.]. Seahawk is susceptible to common bacterial blight [caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Smith) Dye] and is susceptible to bean rust [caused by Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.:Pers.) Unger] races 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, and 53 that occur occasionally in Michigan. Seahawk is tolerant to white mold and has demonstrated the highest level of tolerance to white mold among commercial navy bean cultivars grown in Michigan. In 4 yr of comparative field testing, Seahawk exhibited significantly more tolerance (Disease Incidence = 33%) to white mold than Vista (Disease Incidence = 48%).

Seahawk has a large white navy bean seed, which averages 24.6 g 100 seed^-1 (range: 23–27g 100 seed^-1). The seed is slightly larger in size and lighter in color than other navy bean cultivars. In canning trials, Seahawk was subjectively rated by a team of panelists as having acceptable canning quality for navy beans. In 12 trials, Seahawk scored 3.8 on a seven-point hedonic scale (where 7 is most desirable, 1 is least desirable, and 4 is neither desirable or undesirable), and was equivalent to Schooner but had significantly better canning quality than Vista and Mayflower, which scored 3.1 and 2.8, respectively. The canning quality evaluation is based on whole-bean integrity (no splitting or clumping), uniformity of size (uniform water uptake), color (color retention), and brine free from starch extrusion into the canning liquid. After it is processed, Seahawk does not differ significantly from other commercial navy bean cultivars for hydration, and drained weight ratios, but exhibits a firmer texture than Vista and a lighter cooked color as determined on the L-scale of a Hunter Color Difference Meter.

Seahawk navy bean has been released as a public nonexclusive cultivar, with the option that Seahawk may be sold for seed by name only under the Certified class. A research fee will be assessed on each hundredweight unit of Foundation seed sold. Breeder seed is maintained by the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, East Lansing, MI 48824, in cooperation with the Michigan Crop Improvement Association.

NOTES

Research supported by Michigan Foundation Seed Assoc., Michigan Dry Bean Prod. Res. Adv. Board, Michigan Agric. Exp. Stn., and the USDA-ARS. Joint contribution of the Michigan Agric. Exp. Stn. and USDA-ARS. Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication April 30, 2003.

REFERENCES

• Tu, J.C., and W.D. Beversdorf. 1982. Tolerance to white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary) in Ex Rico 23, a cultivar of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 62:65–69.
• Kelly, J.D., M.W. Adams, A.W. Saettler, G.L. Hosfield, G.V. Varner, J.S. Beaver, and M.A. Uebersax. 1989. Registration of ‘Mayflower’ navy bean. Crop Sci. 29:1571.[Free Full Text]
• Kelly, J.D., G.L. Hosfield, G.V. Varner, M.A. Uebersax, M.E. Brothers, and J. Taylor. 1994. Registration of ‘Huron’ navy bean. Crop Sci. 34:1408–1409.[Free Full Text]
• Kolkman, J.M., and J.D. Kelly. 2002. Agronomic traits affecting resistance to white mold in common bean. Crop Sci. 42:693–699.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

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