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REGISTRATIONS OF CULTIVARS

Registration of ‘Ok101’ Wheat

B.F. Carver^*,a, E.L. Smith^,a, E.G. Krenzer^a, R.M. Hunger^b, D.R. Porter^c, A.R. Klatt^a, J. Verchot-Lubicz^b, P. Rayas-Duarte^d, A.C. Guenzi^a, B.C. Martin^a and G. Bai^a

^a Dep. of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, OK 74078
^b Dep. of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, OK 74078
^c USDA-ARS Plant Science Res. Lab., Stillwater, OK 74075
^d Dep. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, OK 74078

^* Corresponding author (bfc{at}okstate.edu)

‘Ok101’ (Reg. no. CV-932, PI 631493) is a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) developed cooperatively by the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA-ARS, and released in March 2001. Ok101 was released for its high tolerance to acidic soil, broad adaptation to both dual-purpose (graze-plus-grain production) and grain-only management systems, and resistance to Wheat soilborne mosaic virus. Its range of adaptation extends throughout Oklahoma, where it is best suited for irrigated production systems in the High Plains and dryland or irrigated production systems in central areas of Oklahoma and neighboring states.

Ok101 is a F₃–derived line with the pedigree OK88W663/‘Mesa’ (PI511308)//‘2180’ (PI532912). OK88W663 is a backcross-derived line from ‘Chisholm’ (Smith et al., 1985) with the pedigree Chisholm*3/3/‘Newton’/‘Largo’//2*Chisholm. Though Largo was used to introduce resistance to greenbug (Schizaphis graminum Rondani), resistance was not retained in Ok101. Ok101 traces to the bulk progeny of a single F_3:4 head row harvested in 1993. Subsequent generations were advanced by bulk selfing in the field, with occasional rouging of taller variants. Ok101 was evaluated as OK95571 in replicated Oklahoma performance trials from 1995 to 2000, in the Southern Regional Performance Nursery in 1998 and 1999, and in the Hard Winter Wheat Milling and Baking Evaluation Program of the Wheat Quality Council in 1998 and 1999.

Plant stature, heading date, and straw strength of Ok101 are intermediate compared with other currently grown semidwarf cultivars. In Oklahoma, the height of Ok101 and ‘2174’ averaged 87 cm versus 86 cm for ‘Jagger’ and ‘Custer’, and 89 cm for ‘2137’. Heading date of Ok101 (119 d) is 1 d later than Jagger and Custer, the same as 2174, and 2 d earlier than 2137. Lodging resistance on a scale of 1 (highly resistant) to 5 (susceptible) is about 3, slightly superior to Jagger (4) but inferior to 2174 (1) and 2137 (1). Ok101 is highly tolerant to soil acidity and aluminum toxicity. Under field conditions at a soil pH of 4.0 to 4.2 and Al saturation of 30%, Ok101 has a tolerance rating of 1.7 on a scale of 1 (most tolerant) to 5 (susceptible), compared with 3.9 for Custer, 3.1 for 2174, 2.2 for Jagger, and 1.7 for 2137.

Ok101 shows no post-harvest seed dormancy under growth-chamber conditions at 24 to 35°C, a relatively short coleoptile (5.9 cm, 63% of ‘Scout 66’), a semiprostrate growth habit in the fall, and an intermediate to moderately early dormancy release during the winter. Ok101 reaches the first-hollow-stem stage at the same time as Custer, or about 7 d later than Jagger and 6 d earlier than 2174. Fall forage production has averaged 2710 (Ok101), 2790 (2174), 2770 (Jagger), and 2550 (Custer) kg ha^-1 in replicated Oklahoma variety trials during 2001 and 2002. With early planting, Ok101 has shown rapid emergence and excellent recovery from forage removal through early March in north central Oklahoma. Its high forage capability and grain yield potential following grazing make Ok101 well suited for a graze-plus-grain management system in the central areas of the southern Great Plains.

Flag leaves of Ok101 at the booting stage are light green, erect, and twisted at the tip. Ok101 is white-chaffed and moderately tolerant to shattering (intermediate to Jagger and 2174), with awned, tapering, middense spikes that are inclined to nodding at maturity. Kernels are red, hard textured, ovate to elliptical, and midlong, and they have a midwide, shallow crease, rounded cheeks, and midsized germ.

In greenhouse tests, juvenile plants of Ok101 exhibited a susceptible reaction to leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks.) on the basis of a bulk sample of urediniospores collected from wheat fields in Oklahoma in 1999. In 2002, adult plants showed a moderately susceptible reaction to leaf rust in the field in Texas and Oklahoma, or an approximate rating of 5 on a 1-to-9 scale. On the basis of tests conducted by the USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN, Ok101 is postulated to carry Lr3 plus other unnamed genes, and it is postulated to carry Sr17 for resistance to stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. and E. Henn). On the basis of adult-plant field reactions in 2000 and 2001, Ok101 is susceptible to stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend). Visual ratings of reaction to Wheat soilborne mosaic virus generally indicate resistance (1 on a 1-to-9 scale) in Oklahoma. On the basis of seedling tests in the greenhouse, Ok101 is moderately susceptible to tan spot [caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs.], and it is susceptible to powdery mildew [caused by Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal]. Ok101 is moderately susceptible to Wheat streak mosaic virus, Barley yellow dwarf virus, and Septoria leaf blotch (caused by Septoria tritici Roberge in Desmaz). Insect reactions include a heterogeneous response to the Great Plains biotype of Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor Say) and susceptibility to Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko) and to greenbug.

Ok101 was evaluated for grain yield in replicated variety trials in Oklahoma from 2000 through 2002. Across 62 site-years representing mostly grain-only trials, Ok101 averaged 3040 kg ha^-1. Grain yields of other currently grown cultivars were similar at 2980 kg ha^-1 (Custer), 3000 kg ha^-1 (2174), and 3070 kg ha^-1 (Jagger). In the same trials, the grain volume weight of Ok101 (740 kg m^-3) was lower than Custer (750 kg m^-3) and 2174 (759 kg m^-3), but similar to Jagger (739 kg m^-3).

On the basis of single-kernel characterization system data recorded from nine breeder trials in 1999 and 2000, Ok101 has large and consistent kernel size. Means and standard deviations were 30.9 and 6.8 mg for kernel weight, 2.4 and 0.5 mm for kernel diameter, and 56 and 17 for kernel hardness. From 17 site-years in the 2001 and 2002 Oklahoma variety trials, the grain protein content of Ok101 and 2137 averaged 117 g kg^-1, or 14 g kg^-1 lower than 2174 and Jagger. Ok101 has medium dough mixing properties, with a typical mixing time of 5 min and a mixing tolerance score of 4 to 5 on 1-to-10 scale. Composite milling scores reported by the USDA-ARS from 1998 and 1999 SRPN sites carried ratings of good to very good in the southern Great Plains intraregional production zones. Baking scores were more variable, especially between years, spanning the full range of very poor to very good. Overall baking quality was considered acceptable for samples submitted to the Wheat Quality Council in 1998 and 1999, with scores ranging from 3.08 to 3.41 on a 0-to-6 scale. For the 1998 samples, Ok101 averaged 766 g kg^-1 straight grade flour yield with 4.2 g kg^-1 flour ash, compared with the check cultivar, ‘Karl 92’, which averaged 747 g kg^-1 flour yield and 4.9 g kg^-1 flour ash. For the 1999 samples, Ok101 averaged 771 g kg^-1 straight grade flour yield with 4.3 g kg^-1 flour ash, compared with the check cultivar, 2174, which averaged 766 g kg^-1 flour yield and 5.0 g kg^-1 flour ash.

Breeder seed of Ok101 will be maintained by the Dep. of Plant and Soil Sciences and the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078. Small quantities of seed may be obtained for breeding and research purposes from the corresponding author for 5 yr from the date of publication. Seed has also been deposited in the National Seed Storage Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO.

NOTES

Ok101 was developed with partial financial support of the Oklahoma Wheat Res. Foundation and Oklahoma Wheat Commission. Registration by CSSA.

(retired)

Accepted for publication April 30, 2003.

REFERENCES

• Smith, E.L., O.G. Merkle, H.T. Nguyen, D.C. Abbott, and G.H. Morgan. 1985. Registration of ‘Chisholm’ wheat. Crop Sci. 25:367.[Free Full Text]

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