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REGISTRATIONS OF PARENTAL LINES

Registration of Tx811

Soil and Crop Sciences Dep., Texas A&M University, TX 77843-2474

^* Corresponding author (javier-betran{at}tamu.edu)

Tx811, a maize (Zea mays L.) parental line, (Reg. no. PL-310, PI 619431) was developed as a parental line based on its utility in producing high-yielding white maize hybrids with high grain lysine content. Tx811 was released in May 2001 by the Texas Agriculture Experiment Station at College Station, TX.

Tx811 was developed by pedigree breeding from the cross between Mo17 and Pob67, and has a pedigree of (Mo17/Pob67)-2-2-2-1-1-#-#-B-B. Pob67 [Templado Blanco Cristalino quality protein maize (QPM)] is a subtropical QPM population from CIMMYT with intermediate maturity and flint to semiflint endosperm texture (CIMMYT, 1998). Mo17 was released by Dr. M.S. Zuber at the University of Missouri in 1973 (Zuber, 1973). The initial cross between the Mo17 and Pob67 was made in College Station, TX, in 1985. Subsequent selections in the S₁ through S₅ selfing generations were made at College Station based on maturity, grain color, endosperm texture, lodging, and plant characteristics. After S₅, the line has been increased either by sib mating or by bulk selfing.

Tx811 is white grained and has high lysine grain content. It carries the opaque-2 mutation and has a soft to semivitreous endosperm texture classified as QPM (Vasal, 2000). Tx811 is adapted to southern U.S. areas. It has an intermediate to late maturity flowering 3 d later than B73 at College Station, TX. Tx811 ears are thick with 12-kernel rows. Cobs and pericarps are colorless (p-ww, p-ww), and cobs are thick and fragile. Kernels are semiflint with soft tips and bright white color (yyy). Plants are medium in height (145 cm), with low ear placement (45 cm from the soil surface), and good stay-green characteristics. Tx811 has large tassels and it is a good pollen shedder.

Tx811 has grain lysine content of 4.6 g kg^-1 of grain, which is 50% greater than standard non-QPM inbreds such as B104 (3.0 g kg^-1). The crude protein concentration is 110 g kg^-1 of grain. The proportion of lysine to total protein is 41 g lysine kg^-1 of protein, which 50% greater than in regular field corn. SDS-PAGE gel of zeins showed reduced -zein and a moderate increase in -zein for Tx811 relative to normal inbreds (Yau, 1995). Tx811 is susceptible to Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin production both in laboratory and field experiments. The line has not been evaluated for reaction to any insect pests.

Tx811 has been evaluated in several hybrid combinations in 25 environments in Texas and Mexico. Tx811 hybrids have shorter plants, lower ear placement, earlier maturity, lower moisture content at harvest, lower root and stalk lodging, and greater 1000-kernel weight than other white experimental QPM hybrids. However, Tx811 hybrids had lower test weights, less grain hardness, greater susceptibility to common smut [caused by Usitlago zeae (Beckm.) Unger = U. maydis (DC.) Corda], and more difficult pericarp removal. Tx811 hybrids are not adapted to temperate environments where they show photoperiod sensitivity response with tall plants and high moisture content at harvest. Tx811 hybrids had competitive yields in southern USA and Mexico. Tx811 combines well with high lysine inbreds Tx807 (Bockholt and Rooney, 1992), Bo46w and Bo59W (Gevers and Lake, 1992), and with CIMMYT lines CML180 and CML149 (CIMMYT, 1998).

Lysine content is 40% greater in hybrid combinations between Tx811 and other QPM inbreds than in standard corn. In hybrid evaluations for aflatoxin resistance conducted under artificial inoculation with Aspergillus flavus, the hybrid Tx807 x Tx811 had the lowest levels of aflatoxin among 40 commercial and public corn hybrids (Odvody et al., 1996). Considering the susceptibility of Tx811 to aflatoxin, the resistance is most likely contributed by Tx807. Tx811 hybrids showed intermediate levels of aflatoxin in additional trials in Texas.

Seed of Tx811 will be maintained and distributed by the Department of Soil & Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2474.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This research was supported in part by the Texas Corn Producers Board. We acknowledge the support of the TAMU Corn Breeding Program, Crop Testing Program, Cereal Quality Lab, and Research Stations staff involved in testing this line. CIMMYT provided the original parental QPM source for this line.

NOTES

Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication January 31, 2003.

REFERENCES

• Bockholt, A.J., and L.W. Rooney. 1992. QPM hybrids for the United States. p. 111–121. In E.T. Mertz (ed.) Quality protein maize. American Association of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, MN.
• CIMMYT. 1998. A complete listing of improved maize germplasm from CIMMYT. Maize Program special rep. CIMMYT, Mexico, D.F.
• Gevers, H.O., and J.K. Lake. 1992. Development of modified Opaque-2 Maize in South Africa. p. 49–78. In E.T. Mertz. Quality protein maize. American Association of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, MN.
• Odvody, G.N., S.D. Livingston, T.J. Gerik, and C.G. Coffman. 1996. Field screening commercial corn hybrids for vulnerability to aflatoxin in south and central Texas. Rep. to the Texas Corn Producers Board. Texas Corn Producers Board, Corpus Christi, TX.
• Vasal, S. 2000. High quality protein maize. p. 85–129. In Arnel R. Hallauer (ed.) Specialty corns. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
• Yau, J. 1995. Characterization of endosperm proteins in quality protein maize. Ph.D. diss. Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX.
• Zuber, M.S. 1973. Registration of Mo17. Crop Sci. 13:779.[Free Full Text]

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