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REGISTRATIONS OF GERMPLASM

Registration of Indeterminate Tall Upright Small Black-Seeded Common Bean Germplasm A 55

^a Univ. of Idaho, Kimberly Research & Extension Center, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA
^b Univ. Nacional de Colombia, A.A. 237, Palmira, Colombia
^c Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia

^* Corresponding author (singh{at}kimberly.uidaho.edu)

Small-seeded (<25 g per 100 seed) black common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm A 55 (Reg. no. GP-233, PI 632407) was developed at the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia. A 55 was derived from population TC 590 = TTS/77B-ICA 10303. Tallo Tipo Soya (TTS) was selected at CIAT-Palmira [1000 m elevation with a mean growing temperature of 24°C; fine silty, mixed, isohypothermic Aquic Hapludolls soil with pH 7.5; and 1000 mm annual rainfall] in the late 1970s from a multiple-parent common bean population of unknown pedigree. Tallo Tipo Soya had a Type II growth habit with a very strong main stem and less than two partially developed branches. ICA 10303, developed at the Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA), Palmira, Colombia, also had a Type II growth habit with small black seeds. The F₂ population was space-planted at CIAT-Palmira. Single-plant selections were made in the F₂, followed by evaluation in plant-to-progeny rows in the subsequent generation. This conventional pedigree method of selection was practiced until the F₅ at the same location. Two crops (March to May and September to November) were taken each year to expedite the selection process. Five plants were bulked in the F₅ to form the initial seed multiplication stock for A 55.

A 55 has a Type II indeterminate growth habit (Singh, 1982) with tall (>70 cm plant height), upright stiff stems and branches. It has the I gene for bean common mosaic virus (BCMV, a potyvirus) resistance. A 55 has moderate resistance to root rot [caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. phaseoli (Burkholder) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hans.; Pythium ultimum Trow; and Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs. f. sp. phaseoli W.F. Pfender & D.J. Hagedorn] (Silbernagel and Mills, 1991), and to bacterial brown spot (caused by Pseudomonas syringeae pv. syringae van Hall) (H.F. Schwartz, 2002, personal communication). It has resistance to races 38 and 53 of bean rust [caused by Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.:Pers.) Unger], and to fusarium yellows (caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.: Fr. f. sp. phaseoli J.B. Kendrick & W.C. Snyder) (Pastor-Corrales and Abawi, 1987; Salgado and Schwartz, 1990). A 55 has moderate resistance to race Delta of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams.-Scrib., cause of anthracnose, but it is susceptible to race Alpha. In field tests in the USA and Canada, A 55 has reduced disease incidence and severity under a moderate white mold [caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary] pressure, but is susceptible under heavy disease pressure in field and in greenhouse straw tests (i.e., lacking physiological resistance) (Miklas et al., 2001; Park, 1993a,b). Omwega et al. (1988) found A 55 to be resistant to southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chit.]. A 55 is susceptible to common bacterial blight [caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Smith) Dye] and angular leaf spot [caused by Phaeoisariopsis griseola (Sacc.) Ferraris].

In comparative yield trials of 12 common bean genotypes representing growth habit Types I, II, and III across three locations and four plant densities in Colombia, A 55 had the lowest number of nodes per branch (2.1), branches per plant (2.5), and nodes per square meter (272) (Nienhuis and Singh, 1985). Mean seed yield of A 55 was 1490 kg ha^-1 across 16 environments in Colombia. A 55 has purple flowers with large chordate bracteoles and stripes on the outer lower surface of the standard. It possesses other characteristics, such as leaf size and shape and phaseolin seed protein, of the small-seeded lowland tropical common bean race Mesoamerica (Singh et al., 1991).

A 55 flowered in 44 d and matured in 84 d at CIAT-Palmira. Although it was selected near the equator, it is insensitive to long photoperiods, and hence it is fairly well adapted to most common bean growing environments, including the higher latitudes of temperate North America. A 55 is late maturing (100–110 d) at Kimberly and Parma, ID. A 55's expression of growth habit and stiff erect stem characteristics are stable across environments, although plant height may vary depending on the nutrient and moisture availability and growing season temperatures. Relatively warmer temperatures promote maximum plant height expression. Moreover, plants may develop a small vine or guide in some environments.

A small quantity of seed for research purposes is available from the corresponding author or by requesting directly to CIAT, A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia.

NOTES

Idaho Agric. Exp. Stn. Journal Article No. 02728. Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication January 31, 2003.

REFERENCES

• Miklas, P.N., W.C. Johnson, R. Delorme, and P. Gepts. 2001. QTL conditioning physiological resistance and avoidance to white mold in dry bean. Crop Sci. 41:309–315.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Nienhuis, J., and S.P. Singh. 1985. Effects of location and plant density on yield and architectural traits in dry beans. Crop Sci. 25:579–584.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Omwega, C.O., I.J. Thompson, and P.A. Roberts. 1988. A nondistructive technique for screening bean germplasm for resistance to Meloidogyne incognita. Plant Dis. 72:970–972.
• Park, S.J. 1993a. Response of bush and upright plant type selections to white mold and seed yield of common beans grown in various row widths in southern Ontario. Can. J. Plant Sci. 73:265–272.
• Park, S.J. 1993b. Is A 55 resistant to white mold? Annu. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 36:174–175.
• Pastor-Corrales, M.A., and G.S. Abawi. 1987. Reaction of selected bean germplasms to infection by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli. Plant Dis. 71:990–993.
• Salgado, M., and H.F. Schwartz. 1990. Fusarium wilt screening technique for dry bean development. Annu. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 33:96–97.
• Silbernagel, M.J., and L.J. Mills. 1991. CIAT A 55 is an excellent source of multiple resistance for U.S. bean breeders. Annu. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 34:52–53.
• Singh, S.P. 1982. A key for identification of different growth habits of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Annu. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 25:92–95.
• Singh, S.P., P. Gepts, and D.G. Debouck. 1991. Races of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, Fabaceae). Econ. Bot. 45:379–396.[ISI]

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