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REGISTRATIONS OF CULTIVARS

Registration of ‘Arcadia’ Kentucky Bluegrass

Simplot/Jacklin Seed, West 5300 Riverbend Ave., Post Falls, ID 83854-9499

^* Corresponding author (dbrede{at}simplot.com)

‘Arcadia’ Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) (Reg. no. CV-68, PI 603097) is a turf-type cultivar released in August 1998 by Research Seeds, St. Joseph, MO, under a license agreement from the developer, the J.R. Simplot Co., Jacklin Seed, Post Falls, ID. The experimental designations for Arcadia were 91-1936 and J-1936.

Arcadia originated from a highly apomictic, single-plant selection from hybrid cross 89-1033, made in the field at Post Falls in July 1989 using pollen from ‘Limousine’ (Alderson and Sharp, 1994) to pollinate plants of ‘Midnight’ (Meyer et al., 1984). Seed harvested from Midnight mother plants were individually sown into cells of greenhouse flats during the spring of 1990 and later transplanted to a spaced-plant field nursery of 33500 plants. Offspring with characteristics dissimilar to Midnight were flagged during maturation in the spring of 1991. Plant 91-1936 differed from Midnight for turf characteristics before heading. It produced 20 g of seed from a single spaced plant, which is slightly more seed than typical for a Kentucky bluegrass spaced plant in North Idaho. Seed harvested from this plant was used to establish a turf trial in September 1991, a replicated seed yield trial in August 1992, and a Plant Variety Protection (PVP) trial in June 1994, near Post Falls.

Arcadia is most similar to ‘Explorer’ (PI 599227), which was developed from the same cross. However, it can be differentiated from Explorer based on 12 botanical traits, as recorded in Arcadia's United States PVP application. These traits include greater culm length, greater length of the lowest internode in the panicle, and earlier reproductive maturity.

Apomixis of Arcadia averages 90% but can vary from 85 to 95% depending on the weather and growing conditions. The major variants include lower-growing Limousine-like plants and taller-growing, earlier maturing, lighter green plants. Aberrant progeny are rogued from Breeders, Foundation, and Registered seed fields to ensure uniformity and stability, but they will continue to occur in every generation.

In the 1995 National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) trials for Kentucky bluegrass (Morris, 2001), Arcadia ranked 20th in overall turfgrass quality out of 103 cultivars. It ranked 6th in Utah, 8th in Rhode Island, 10th in Nebraska and Washington State, and 11th in Massachusetts and Oklahoma. Arcadia displayed a dark-green genetic color (ranked 15th), good summer density (ranked 19th), good resistance to stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers.), crown rust (caused by P. coronata Corda.), and chinch bug (Blissus leucopterus hirtus Montandon), and moderate resistance to leaf spot [caused by Drechslera poae (Baudys) Shoem]. In 7 yr of commercial seed production, Arcadia has demonstrated the potential for high yields of quality seed, relative freedom from ergot [Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul.], and no adverse reactions to labeled Kentucky bluegrass pesticides.

Arcadia is recommended for golf course tees, fairways, and roughs, and for lawns, parks, and sports turf, in full sun or some shade, in areas where Kentucky bluegrass is well adapted for turf. It is compatible in blends and mixtures with other cool-season turfgrasses.

Breeder seed, first harvested in 1996, is maintained by Simplot/Jacklin Seed. Seed propagation is limited to one generation of increase for Foundation, Registered, and Certified seed. United States Plant Variety Protection application no. 9800185 has been filed for Arcadia.

NOTES

Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication December 31, 2002.

REFERENCES

• Alderson, J., and W.C. Sharp. 1994. Grass varieties in the United States. Agric. Handbook 170. USDA-SCS, Washington, DC.
• Meyer, W.A., B.L. Rose, J.M. Johnson-Cicalese, and C.R. Funk. 1984. Registration of ‘Midnight’ Kentucky bluegrass. Crop Sci. 24:822–823.[Free Full Text]
• Morris, K.N. 2001. National Kentucky bluegrass test 1995– medium-high maintenance. Final report. NTEP no. 01–12. National Turfgrass Evaluation Program. USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD.

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