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REGISTRATIONS OF CULTIVARS

Registration of ‘Sisson’ Wheat

^a Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences Dep., Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA 24061
^b Ridgetown College, Univ. of Guelph, Ridgetown, Ontario, N0P 2C0

^* Corresponding author (cgriffey{at}vt.edu)

‘Sisson’ (Reg. no. CV- 926, PI 617053) is a broadly adapted, early heading, awnleted, soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that produces high grain yields under both conventional and minimum tillage regimes. Sisson was released by The Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station in the spring of 2000. Sisson was granted regional registration (Reg. no. 5372) in Canada for Ontario and the Atlantic Provinces of Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia on 30 Oct. 2001. Sisson wheat was named in honor of William L. Sisson to recognize his 45 yr of dedication and service to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University's small grains breeding and genetics program.

Sisson was derived from the cross ‘Coker 9803’ (PI 548845)/‘Freedom’ (PI 562382). The cross was made in the spring of 1990, and the population was advanced from the F₂ to F₄ generation using a modified bulk breeding method. Wheat spikes were selected from the population in each generation (F₂–F₄) on the basis of absence of obvious disease, early maturity, short straw, and desirable head shape and size. Selected spikes were threshed in bulk, and the seed was planted in a 20.8-m² block in the fall of each year. Spikes selected from the F₄ bulk where threshed individually and planted in separate 1.2-m headrows. Sisson was derived as a bulk of one of these F_4:5 headrows selected in 1995 and tested under the designation VA96W-250. In addition to high grain yield, Sisson was selected on the basis of earliness of head emergence, short plant height, and resistance to powdery mildew [caused by Blumeria graminis (DC) E.O. Speer f. sp. tritici Ém. Marchal].

Coleoptiles of Sisson are white. Juvenile plants exhibit a semierect growth habit. Plant color at booting is blue green and a waxy bloom is present on the stem and flag leaf sheath. Anther color is yellow. Spikes are tapering, middense, and awnleted. Glumes are long and wide, and have oblique shoulders with obtuse beaks. Kernels of Sisson are red, soft, and ovate with a crease of medium width and depth, rounded cheeks, and a long non-collared brush. The phenol reaction is fawn.

Head emergence of Sisson in Virginia is 1 d later than that of Pioneer Brand ‘2580’ and 1 to 2 d earlier than ‘Coker 9835’. In Ontario, Canada, Sisson heads 3 d earlier than Pioneer Brand ‘2540’ and Freedom. Average plant height of Sisson (86 cm) in Virginia is 1 to 2 cm taller than Coker 9835 and 4 to 5 cm shorter than Pioneer Brand 2580. In Ontario, Sisson is currently the shortest available commercial soft red winter wheat cultivar and is 6 cm shorter than Pioneer Brand 2540. On the basis of Belgian lodging score (0.2-10), average straw strength of Sisson (2.9) is slightly better than that of ‘Jackson’ (3.7). In Ontario, straw strength (0 = erect and 9 = completely prostrate) of Sisson (2.4) is weaker than that of Pioneer Brand 2540 (0.8). Sisson has better winter hardiness and tolerance to spring freeze injury than ‘USG 3209’, but has less cold tolerance than ‘Roane’. On the basis of winter survival data collected at Ottawa, Canada, in 2000, winter hardiness of Sisson (50%) was similar to that of check cultivars Freedom (59%) and Pioneer Brand 2540 (42%).

In Virginia's State Variety Trials conducted under a conventional tillage regime over 4 yr (1999–2002) at 6 to 7 locations per year, average grain yields of Sisson (5695 kg ha^-1) were identical to those of top yielding cultivars Pioneer Brand 26R24 and USG 3209, and 570 to 925 kg ha^-1 higher than those of Roane and ‘Coker 9663’, respectively. In Virginia's No-till Variety Trial, conducted at the Eastern Virginia Agricultural Research and Extension Center near Warsaw, VA, to evaluate performance of wheat genotypes drilled into shredded maize stubble, Sisson had a 4-yr average grain yield (5930 kg ha^-1) that was 355 to 370 kg ha^-1 higher than those of Pioneer Brand 26R24 and USG 3209, respectively, and 855 to 960 kg ha^-1 higher than those of Coker 9663 and Roane, respectively. Average grain volume weight of Sisson (739 kg cm^-3) is 19 kg cm^-3 higher than that of Coker 9835 and 20 kg cm^-3 lower than that of Roane. Sisson also was evaluated in Soft Winter Wheat Registration Trials in Ontario, Canada, at 6 locations in 1999 and at 7 locations in 2000. Over years and locations, Sisson had an average grain yield (6920 kg ha^-1) that was 470 kg ha^-1 higher than that of Pioneer Brand 2540 and 670 kg ha^-1 higher than that of Freedom. In the same tests, the average grain volume weight of Sisson (772 kg cm^-3) was 13 kg cm^-3 higher than that of Pioneer Brand 2540 and 26 kg cm^-3 higher than that of Freedom.

On the basis of disease assessments (score = 0; no visible symptoms to score = 9; severe infection) made under natural field infections in Virginia's State Variety Trials conducted from 1998 to 2002, Sisson is moderately resistant (score = 1–2) to powdery mildew, Barley yellow dwarf virus, and glume blotch [caused by Stagonospora nodorum (Berk.) Castellani & E.G. Germano]. Sisson is moderately susceptible (score = 6) to Wheatspindle streak mosaic virus and tan spot [caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs]. On the basis of seedling tests conducted at the USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory at St. Paul, MN, Sisson possesses Lr26 and other unidentified genes governing resistance to leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks.); however, in most field environments tested, Sisson is moderately susceptible (score = 4–7). Sisson is resistant to the most predominant race (TNMK) of stem rust (caused by P. graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn.). Sisson is susceptible to stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend.). Seedling tests conducted by USDA-ARS at West Lafayette, IN indicate that Sisson is susceptible to Hessian fly [caused by Mayetiola destructor (Say)] biotypes GP, B, C, D, E, and L.

On the basis of Allis-Chalmers milling and quality evaluations conducted in 1999 and 2000 by the USDA-ARS Soft Wheat Quality Laboratory at Wooster, OH, milling and baking quality of Sisson is similar to that of Jackson. Grain of Sisson had average values of 765 g kg^-1 for straight grade flour yield, 10.5% for endosperm separation index, 54.3% for alkaline water retention capacity, 31.3% for break flour recovery, and 17.4 cm for cookie spread diameter. In comparison, grain of Jackson had average values of 766 g kg^-1 for straight grade flour yield, 9.9% for endosperm separation index, 54.2% for alkaline water retention capacity, 33.6% for break flour recovery, and 17.4 cm for cookie spread diameter. Flour protein concentration of Sisson (8.8%) is lower than that of Jackson (9.4%), and on the basis of Lactic Acid Retention Capacity, glutenin strength of Sisson (107%) is weaker than that of Jackson (139%). Milling and baking quality of Sisson also were evaluated by Agriculture and Agr-Food Canada's Ottawa Quality Laboratory in 1999 and 2000. Sisson was similar in quality to the check cultivar Augusta for kernel hardness (SKCS = 71.8), straight grade flour yield (742 g kg^-1), and flour ash (0.44%). Sisson had higher values than Augusta for Falling Number (351 sec versus 283 sec) and flour protein (9.33 versus 8.87%), but had a lower value for cookie spread width (8.08 versus 8.35 cm).

Initial Breeder seed of Sisson was developed via removal of visual variants from a 0.05 ha F₈ purification block. In fall 2000, a purer source of Sisson Breeder seed, derived from a composite of 229 F₁₀ headrows, was provided to the Foundation Seed Farm of Virginia Crop Improvement Association. Authorized seed classes of Sisson in the U.S. are Breeder, Foundation, and Certified. Sisson is protected under the amended U.S. Plant Variety Protection Act of 1994 (Certificate no. 200100125). The Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences and the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Blacksburg, VA, will maintain Breeder seed. In the U.S., requests for availability of Foundation seed should be directed to Bruce Beahm (804-472-3500), Manager, Foundation Seed Farm, Mt. Holly, VA 22524. Authorized seed classes of Sisson in Canada are Breeder, Select, Foundation, Registered and Certified. The Ridgetown College– University of Guelph, Ridgetown, Ontario will maintain Breeder seed in Canada. Requests concerning availability of Sisson seed in Canada should be directed to Martin Harry (519-423-6435) SeCan Association, RR#5, Ingersoll, Ontario, N5C 3J8, Canada.

NOTES

Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication November 30, 2002.

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