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a Dep. of Crop Science, Box 7629, N.C. State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7629
b Dep. of Plant Pathology, Box 7616, N.C. State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7616
c Dep. of Soil and Environ. Sciences, Tidewater Agric. Res. Ext. Center, 6321 Holland Rd., Suffolk, VA 23437
d USDA-ARS, Box 7625, N.C. State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7625
* Corresponding author (tom_isleib{at}ncsu.edu)
‘Perry’ (Reg. no. CV-73, PI 613600) is a large-seeded Virginia-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar with resistance to Cylindrocladium black rot [CBR; caused by Cylindrocladium parasiticum Crous, Wingfield & Alfenas syn. C. crotalariae (Loos) D.K. Bell & Sobers]. Perry was tested under the experimental designation N93112C and was released by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service (NCARS) in 2000. Perry was tested by the NCARS, by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, and five other state agricultural experiment stations participating in the Uniform Peanut Performance Tests. Perry is named in honor of Mr. Astor Perry, former peanut extension specialist at North Carolina State University (NCSU), and Mr. Thomas E. "Tommy" Perry, former supervisor at the North Carolina Dep. of Agriculture Peanut Belt Research Station at Lewiston, NC.
Perry is a Virginia market-type cultivar possessing alternate branching pattern, runner growth habit, large seeds (about 93 g 100 seed-1) with pink testa, and resistance to CBR comparable to that of resistant germplasm NC 3033 (Beute et al., 1976). Perry is an F4-derived line selected from cross X89140, which was made in 1989 at Raleigh, NC. The female parent was an unnumbered F5-derived selection from a cross between ‘NC 7’ (Wynne et al., 1979) and ‘Florigiant’ (Carver, 1969). The male parent was CBR-resistant line N90021. N90021 was selected as a single F7 plant from a cross between NC Ac 18229A and ‘NC 2’ (Gregory, 1970). NC Ac 18229A was selected from a cross of NC 2 with NC 3033. F1 plants of cross X89140 were grown at a nursery in Puerto Rico in the winter of 1989–1990. F2 progeny were selected for large pod size, desirable pod shape, and CBR resistance in 1990. F2:3 progenies were grown at the winter nursery in Puerto Rico, and selection was applied among and within F2:4 families on CBR-infested soil in 1991. CBR resistance of selected F4:5 families was evaluated in a replicated test on CBR-infested soil in 1992. Selected F4:6 families, including N93112C, were then assigned accession numbers. Seed has been maintained in bulk since the last single-plant selection. Agronomic performance of Perry has been evaluated in 23 trials conducted by the NCARS breeding program over seven years and 32 trials (considering early and late diggings as separate trials) in the joint VAES-NCARS Peanut Variety and Quality Evaluation (PVQE) program over four years (Mozingo, 1999, 2000). The following comparisons are based on results from the PVQE program except as noted. Compared with ‘NC 12C’ (Isleib et al., 1997a), the most commonly grown CBR-resistant cultivar available to growers, Perry has similar sound mature kernel content (69%) and meat content (74%), but significantly fewer jumbo pods (30 vs. 56%), more fancy size pods (49 vs. 32%), fewer extra large kernels (46 vs. 53%), and higher pod yield (5271 vs. 4826 kg ha-1). The ratio of oleic to linoleic fatty acid of Perry was lower than that of NC 12C (1.59 vs. 1.83). In the NCSU trials, pods of Perry were significantly brighter in color than those of NC 12C [46.2 vs. 45.7 Hunter L score (Isleib et al., 1997b) for jumbo pods, 44.9 vs. 42.8 Hunter L score for fancy pods], an important trait for peanuts marketed as in-shell products. Flavor attributes of roasted samples from eight NCSU trials were evaluated by a trained sensory panel under the direction of USDA personnel. Adjusted to common values of roast color and fruity attribute (Pattee and Giesbrecht, 1990), the flavor of Perry was comparable to NC 12C in the sweet, bitter, and roasted peanut flavor attributes. Resistance of Perry to CBR was evaluated by the NCSU breeding project in seven replicated tests on naturally infested soils. CBR incidence in Perry was not significantly less than that in NC 12C (13 vs. 14% of all plants exhibiting symptoms by late September). In three other yield trials performed on infested soils with and without metam sodium (sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate) fumigant, the most common treatment used to suppress infection by C. parasiticum, Perry had less disease (2 vs. 26% of plants exhibiting symptoms) and produced significantly greater yield than NC 12C (5001 vs. 3278 kg ha-1) averaged across fumigation treatments. Perry did not exhibit a positive response of pod yield to metam sodium application in any test.
Perry was evaluated for resistance to other diseases common to the Virginia–Carolina region. Perry is similar to ‘VA 98R’ (Mozingo et al., 2000) in being partially resistant to Sclerotinia blight (caused by Sclerotinia minor Jagger). Forty-two percent of Perry plants were infected in five trials conducted in fields infested with S. minor, compared with 62% of plants of the susceptible cultivar NC 7, and 41% of the partially resistant cultivars VA 98R and ‘VA 93B’ (Coffelt et al., 1994). Perry expresses a low level of resistance to early leaf spot (caused by Cercospora arachidicola S. Hori). In three trials performed without chemical control of leaf spot, Perry's yield and defoliation [3374 kg ha-1 and 6.45 defoliation score on a scale of 1 (no defoliation) to 9 (complete defoliation)] were similar to those of NC 12C (3466 kg ha-1 and 6.32 defoliation score), the most resistant Virginia-type peanut cultivar currently available to growers. In 13 trials conducted without any application of insecticides and at 25 or 51 cm seed spacing to promote feeding by the thrips vector of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), incidence of TSWV in Perry was 28% compared with 22% in NC-V 11 (Wynne et al., 1991) and 40% in NC 9 (Wynne et al., 1986). The general level of TSWV incidence in these trials ranged from light to heavy. Under heavy disease incidence, Perry was found to be susceptible to TSWV.
Perry is adapted to the Virginia-Carolina peanut production area but also has performed well in the southeastern USA production area including Georgia, Florida, and Alabama. Breeder seed of Perry will be maintained by the N.C. Agricultural Research Service, Box 7643, N.C. State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7643. Foundation seed will be distributed by the N.C. Foundation Seed Producers, Inc., 8220 Riley Hill Rd., Zebulon, NC 27597. The N.C. Agricultural Research Service will provide small (50–100 seed) samples to research organizations for research purposes. Perry is protected under the U.S. Plant Variety Protection Act as amended in 1994 and may be sold only as a class of Certified seed.
NOTES
Partial support for the development of NC 12C was provided by the N.C. Peanut Growers' Association, Inc., the N.C. Crop Improvement Association, the N.C. Foundation Seed Producers, Inc., and the USAID Peanut Collaborative Research Support Program. Registration by CSSA.
Accepted for publication September 30, 2002.
REFERENCES
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  W.D. Branch Registration of 'Georgia-05E' Peanut Crop Sci., September 8, 2006; 46(5): 2305 - 2305. [Full Text] [PDF]
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T.G. Isleib, P.W. Rice, R.W. Mozingo II, S.C. Copeland, J.B. Graeber, B.B. Shew, D.L. Smith, H.A. Melouk, and H.T. Stalker Registration of N96076L Peanut Germplasm Line Crop Sci., September 8, 2006; 46(5): 2329 - 2330. [Full Text] [PDF]
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W.D. Branch Registration of 'Georgia-02C' Peanut Crop Sci., September 1, 2003; 43(5): 1883 - 1884. [Full Text]
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