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a Dep. of Plant Sciences & Plant Pathology, Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT 59717-3140
b Southern Agricultural Research Center, 748 Railroad Highway, Huntley, MT 59037
c Northwestern Agricultural Research Center, 4570 Montana 35, Kalispell, MT 59901
d Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 974, Conrad, MT 59425
e Eastern Agricultural Research Center, 1501 N. Central, Sidney, MT 59270
f Northern Agricultural Research Center, Star Route #36, Box 43, Havre, MT 59501
g Central Agricultural Research Center, HC90-Box 20, Moccasin, MT 59462
h Williston Research Extension Center, 14120 Highway 2, Williston, ND 58801
* Corresponding author (bruckner{at}montana.edu)
‘NuSky’ (Reg. no. CV-925, PI 619167) is a hard white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in September, 2001. NuSky was derived from the cross ‘NuWest’/‘Tiber’ (Bruckner et al., 1996; Kisha et al., 1992) made in 1985 and is a sib selection of hard red winter wheat cultivar BigSky, also released in 2001. NuSky was released for its superior adaptation and field performance combined with excellent end-use qualities for bread and Asian noodle products.
NuSky was developed by means of the bulk breeding method. NuSky was derived as an F4:5 head row selected by E. A. Hockett in 1990. NuSky was evaluated as MTW9441 in the Montana Preliminary Yield and Advanced Yield nurseries in 1994 and 1995, respectively, in the Montana Intrastate Yield nursery from 1996 to 2001, and in the Montana Off-station Yield nursery from 1998 to 2001. NuSky was evaluated in the Northern Regional Performance Nursery and Western Uniform Hard Winter Wheat Nursery in 2000 and in the Asian Products Collaborative program coordinated by U.S. Wheat Associates, Portland, OR and the Wheat Marketing Center, Portland, OR, from 1999 to 2001. Breeder seed of NuSky originated from a composite of 43 F11:13 line-rows selected in 2000 on the basis of visual uniformity and white kernel color purity. Breeder seed of NuSky contains approximately 1 red kernel per 3500 kernels.
NuSky exhibits a prostrate juvenile growth habit and is similar in vegetative appearance to NuWest. The foliage is green with a pronounced waxy bloom at anthesis. The flag leaf is recurved and nontwisted at the boot stage. NuSky spikes are awned, mid-dense, fusiform, and inclined with white glumes. Kernels of NuSky are white colored, hard textured, and ovate with rounded cheeks and a shallow crease.
NuSky is an intermediate height cultivar with average straw strength similar to NuWest. Plant height of NuSky (79 cm) is similar to NuWest, and ‘Neeley’, and 4 cm less than Tiber. NuSky has a short coleoptile (75 mm), similar to NuWest and ‘Windstar’. Winter hardiness of NuSky is acceptable for most growing environments in Montana with a mean survival rate of 72% for 13 site-years where differential winter kill occurred, compared with NuWest (68%), Neeley (65%), and Tiber (64%). NuSky is medium to late in maturity (164 d from 1 January), heading 1 d earlier than NuWest and 5 d later than ‘Judith’. Like both of its parents, NuSky is resistant to preharvest sprouting with high transient post-harvest dormancy.
In Montana dryland performance trials from 1996 to 2001 (83 site-years), average grain yields of NuSky, NuWest, Tiber, and Neeley were 3940, 3958, 3893, and 4046 kg ha-1, respectively. Grain volume weight of NuSky (779 kg m-3) was similar to that of NuWest (780 kg m-3) and superior to that of Neeley (775 kg m-3).
NuSky is resistant to stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks & E. Henn.) race Pgt-TPMK and is postulated to contain Sr6. NuSky is susceptible to leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticinia Eriks.), Wheat streak mosaic virus, wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Nort.), the Great Plains biotype of Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)], and Russian wheat aphid [Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko)].
On the basis of 5 yr (20 site-years) of cereal quality evaluation at Montana State University, NuSky meets domestic quality criteria for high-quality bread wheat production. NuSky is similar to NuWest for all quality criteria. Wheat protein of NuSky (134 g kg-1) was similar to that of NuWest (133 g kg-1) and Tiber (136 g kg-1), and greater than that of Neeley (129 g kg-1). On the basis of experimental milling using a Brabender Automat Mill (South Hackensack, NJ), flour yield of NuSky (672 g kg-1) was greater than that of Tiber (659 g kg-1) and Neeley (664 g kg-1). Flour ash content of NuSky (3.5 g kg-1) was greater than that of Tiber (3.2 g kg-1) and similar to that of Neeley (3.5 g kg-1). Bake water absorption of NuSky (731 g kg-1) was similar to that of Neeley (730 g kg-1) and Tiber (726 g kg-1). Loaf volumes were similar for NuSky (1005 cm3), NuWest (1008 cm3), Neeley (991 cm3), and Tiber (991 cm3).
On the basis of evaluation in the Asian Products Collaborative program, laboratory evaluation at Montana State University, and numerous sensory evaluations conducted at Bozeman, MT, by Asian wheat trade teams, NuSky is acceptable for making raw Chinese noodle products. NuSky has a low level of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity as judged by both tyrosine and L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl alanine) assays (Anderson and Morris, 2001), with good noodle color stability. Mean noodle score, calculated from combined criteria of noodle color stability and noodle machining properties, was highest for NuSky (348) and NuWest (348), intermediate for Neeley (334), and lowest for Tiber (309) based on 16 site-years of data. Quantitative differences in noodle texture parameters were not detected between NuSky and NuWest using TA-XT2 Texture analysis (Texture Technologies Corp., Scarsdale, NY). Noodle firmness of NuSky 5 min after cooking was significantly greater than in Neeley and Tiber.
Breeder and foundation seed of NuSky will be maintained by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station. Application will be made for U.S. Plant Variety Protection under the Title V option of P.L. 91-577. Small quantities of seed for research purposes may be obtained from the corresponding author for at least 5 yr from the date of publication.
NOTES
Journal Series No. 2002-2, Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, Montana State Univ.-Bozeman. NuSky was developed with financial support from the Montana Wheat & Barley Committee and the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station. Registration by CSSA.
Accepted for publication August 31, 2002.
REFERENCES
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