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REGISTRATIONS OF CULTIVARS

Registration of ‘BigSky’ Wheat

^a Dep. of Plant Sciences & Plant Pathology, Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT 59717-3140
^b Northern Agricultural Research Center, Star Route #36, Box 43, Havre, MT 59501
^c Central Agricultural Research Center, HC90-Box 20, Moccasin, MT 59462
^d Williston Research Extension Center, 14120 Highway 2, Williston, ND 58801
^e Southern Agricultural Research Center, 748 Railroad Highway, Huntley, MT 59037
^f Northwestern Agricultural Research Center, 4570 Montana 35, Kalispell, MT 59901
^g Eastern Agricultural Research Center, 1501 N. Central, Sidney, MT 59270

^* Corresponding author (bruckner{at}montana.edu)

‘BigSky’ (Reg. no. CV-924, PI 619166) is a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in September 2001. BigSky was derived from the cross ‘NuWest’/‘Tiber’ (Bruckner et al., 1996; Kisha et al., 1992) made in 1985. BigSky was released for its broad adaptation to winter wheat growing regions of Montana and its superior combination of high yield potential, high test weight, and high grain protein content. BigSky is a potential replacement for Tiber, the second leading winter wheat cultivar in Montana from 1990 to 2000 on the basis of planted acreage.

BigSky was developed by means of the bulk breeding method. BigSky was derived as an F_4:5 head row selected by E. A. Hockett in 1990. BigSky was evaluated as MT9432 in the Montana Preliminary Yield nursery in 1994, in the Montana Intrastate Yield nursery from 1995 to 2001, in the Montana Off-station Yield nursery from 1997 to 2001, and in the Northern Regional Performance Nursery and Western Uniform Hard Winter Wheat Nursery in 2000. Breeder seed of BigSky originated from a composite of 93 F_11:13 line-rows selected in 1998 on the basis of visual uniformity.

BigSky exhibits a prostrate juvenile growth habit and is similar in vegetative appearance to Tiber. The foliage is blue-green with a pronounced waxy bloom at anthesis. The flag leaf is recurved and nontwisted at the boot stage. The spikes are awned, mid-dense, oblong, and erect with white glumes. Kernels of BigSky are red colored, hard textured, and ovate with rounded cheeks and a shallow crease.

BigSky is a conventional height cultivar with excellent straw strength similar to Tiber. Plant height of BigSky (82 cm) has averaged 3 to 4 cm more than ‘Judith’, NuWest, and ‘Neeley’, and 1 cm less than Tiber. BigSky has a long coleoptile (102 mm), similar to Tiber and ‘Harding’. Winterhardiness of BigSky is acceptable for most growing environments of Montana with mean survival of 67% in 15 environments with differential winter kill, compared to ‘Morgan’ (71%), NuWest (65%), Judith (62%), Tiber (61%), and Neeley (61%). BigSky is medium in maturity (163 d from 1 January), heading 3 d later than Judith and 1 to 2 d earlier than Tiber, Neeley, and Morgan.

In Montana dryland performance trials from 1996 to 2001 (91 site-years), average grain yields of BigSky, Tiber, and Neeley were 3830, 3793, and 3928 kg ha^-1, respectively. Grain volume weight of BigSky (791 kg m^-3) was superior to that of Tiber (786 kg m^-3) and Neeley (775 kg m^-3). Wheat protein of BigSky (136 g kg^-1) was similar to that of Tiber (135 g kg^-1), and greater than that of Neeley (128 g kg^-1).

BigSky is resistant to stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks & E. Henn.) race Pgt-TPMK and is postulated to contain Sr6. BigSky is susceptible to leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticinia Eriks.), Wheat streak mosaic virus, wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Nort.), the Great Plains biotype of Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)], and Russian wheat aphid [Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko)].

On the basis of 5 yr (20 site-years) of cereal quality evaluation at Montana State University, BigSky meets domestic quality criteria for high-quality bread wheat production. Flour yield of BigSky (658 g kg^-1) was similar to that of Tiber (659 g kg^-1) and Neeley (664 g kg^-1). Flour ash content of BigSky (3.3 g kg^-1) was similar to that of Tiber (3.2 g kg^-1) and lower than that of Neeley (3.5 g kg^-1). Bake water absorption of BigSky (744 g kg^-1) was significantly higher than that of Neeley (730 g kg^-1) and Tiber (726 g kg^-1). Loaf volumes were similar for BigSky, Neeley, and Tiber (991 to 997 cm³). Based on 16 site-years of evaluation at Montana State University, raw Chinese noodle quality of BigSky is inferior to NuWest, similar to that of Neeley, and superior to that of Tiber. Mean noodle score, calculated from combined criteria of noodle color stability and noodle machining properties, was highest for NuWest (348), intermediate for Neeley (334) and BigSky (331), and lowest for Tiber (309). Noodle firmness 0 and 5 min after cooking was significantly greater for BigSky than NuWest, Neeley, and Tiber.

Breeder and Foundation classes of seed of BigSky will be maintained by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station. Application will be made for U.S. Plant Variety Protection under the Title V option of P.L. 91-577. Small quantities of seed for research purposes may be obtained from the corresponding author for at least 5 yr from the date of publication.

NOTES

Journal Series No. 2001-61, Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, Montana State Univ.-Bozeman. BigSky was developed with financial support from the Montana Wheat & Barley Committee and the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station. Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication August 31, 2002.

REFERENCES

• Bruckner, P.L., G.A. Taylor, R.N. Stougaard, G.D. Jackson, G.R. Carlson, J.L. Eckhoff, G.D. Kushnak, G.F. Stallknecht, D.M. Wichman, H.F. Bowman, D.E. Mathre, E.A. Hockett, and C.F. McGuire. 1996. Registration of ‘Nuwest’ wheat. Crop Sci. 36:209.
• Kisha, T.J., G.A. Taylor, H.F. Bowman, L.E. Weisner, G.D. Jackson, G.R. Carlson, J.W. Bergman, G.D. Kushnak, G.F. Stallknecht, V.R. Stewart, and C.F. McGuire. 1992. Registration of ‘Tiber’ hard red winter wheat. Crop Sci. 32:1292–1293.[Free Full Text]

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