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Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Nebraska, P.O. Box 830915, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915
* Corresponding author (dandrews2{at}unl.edu)
Dwarf grain pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] seed parents NM-1A1 (Reg. no. PL-37 cms A1, PI 613101), NM-1A4 (Reg. no. PL-37 cms A4, PI 613102 ), and NM-1B (Reg. no. PL-37, PI 613103); NM-2A1 (Reg. no. PL-38 cms A1, PI 613104 ), NM-2A4 (Reg. no. PL-38 cms A4, PI 613105 ), and NM-2B (Reg. no. PL-38, PI 613106); NM-3A1 (Reg. no. PL-39 cms A1, PI 613107), NM-3A4 (Reg. no. PL-39 cms A4, PI 613108) and NM-3B (Reg. no. PL-39, PI 613109); NM-4A1 PL-40 cms A1, PI 613110), NM-4 A4 (Reg. no. PL-40 cms A4, PI 613111), and NM-4B (Reg. no. PL-40, PI 613112); NM-5A1 (Reg. no. PL-41 cms A1, PI 613113), NM-5A4 (Reg. no. PL-41 cms A4, PI 613114), and NM-5B (Reg. no. PL-41, PI 613115) were released by the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, in May 1998. Each seed parent is available in both the A1 (Burton, 1958) and A4 (Hanna, 1989) cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterile (CMS) systems. The same B line maintains the male sterility in both systems. These seed parents provide new genetic diversity for producing early pearl millet grain hybrids and the A1 and A4 CMS seed parent options provide access to a wider range of male parent diversity. The A4 CMS system also has advantages for developing parental lines, production of hybrid seed, and consistency of pollen production in hybrids (Rai et al., 2001).
NM-1B (90PV0293B) and NM-2B (92M59022B) were both derived from F2 selections made in 1984 at the Department of Agronomy Farm at the University of Nebraska's Agricultural Research and Development Center (ARDC), Mead, NE, from the cross ICMB 81/KS 79-2068B. ICMB 81 is a dwarf B-line from ICRISAT, India, that has resistance to downy mildew [caused by Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) J. Schröt.]. KS 79-2068B is a B-line donated by W.D. Stegmeier, Kansas State University-Hays, derived from the cross PI 185642/2*Tift 23DB1. PI185642 is an introduction from Ghana. Pedigree selection was continued to F15 for both lines. NM-1B, when testcrossed as an F6 selection with Tift 23DA1E1 [an A1 CMS early dwarf line from USDA-ARS and Univ. of Georgia (Burton, 1981)] in the 1988 winter nursery near Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, exhibited a male sterile reaction. Backcrossing was continued to the BC9 generation to obtain virtually complete uniformity between the male sterile A1 line and the maintainer (B) line. NM-2B was testcrossed as an F7 selection with Tift 23DA1E1 in the 1989 Puerto Vallarta winter nursery and backcrossing to develop the A1 line was continued to BC10 generation. The A4 CMS version of NM-1B and NM-2B were obtained from the backcrosses CMS Tift 23DA4E1/5* NM-1B and CMS Tift 23DA4E1/5* NM-2B. NM-3B (90PV0378-2B) was derived from an F2 selection of the cross KS 79-2068B/5141B. 5141B is a B-line from the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. NM-4B (90PV0413B) was derived from an F2 selection of the cross 26B/67B. 26B is a reselection of Kansas State University B-line 79-2226 at ICRISAT, India, and 67B is a selected line from a Uganda population at ICRISAT. NM-5B (91M59052B) was derived from an F2 selection of the cross KS 79-2068B//Tift23DB/Tift23DB1E1. Tift23DB/Tift23DB1E1 is an F1 of two B-lines from USDA-ARS, and the University of Georgia, Tifton). Pedigree selection was continued to F15 for NM-3B, NM-4B, and NM-5B. NM-3B was testcrossed as a F5 selection with 79-2068A1 (the CMS male sterile A1 line of 79-2068B) in the 1987 winter nursery near Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, and exhibited a male sterile reaction. Backcrossing was continued to the BC11 generation to obtain virtually complete uniformity between the male sterile A1 line and the maintainer (B) line. NM-4B was testcrossed as an F4 selection with 79-2068A1 in the 1987 ARDC Agronomy Farm Nursery and backcrossing was continued to BC10 generation. NM-5B was testcrossed as an F6 selection with Tift 23DA1E1 in the 1988 Puerto Vallarta winter nursery and backcrossing was continued to BC11 generation. The A4 CMS version of parental lines NM-3B, NM-4B, and NM-5B was obtained by backcrossing: NM-3B from CMS Tift 23DA4E1/8*NM-3B, NM-4B from CMS Tift 23DA4E1/5*NM-4B, and NM-5B from CMS Tift 23DA4E1/3*NM-5B.
NM-1B is an early dwarf, synchronous-tillering inbred that averages 76 to 95 cm in height at maturity and flowers from 56 to 64 d after early to mid-June plantings at Lincoln, NE. NM-1B has ovate shaped, dull gray seeds (11.0 g per 1000 seed) and yellow anthers. NM-2B is an early dwarf, synchronous-tillering inbred that averages 66 to 78 cm in height at maturity and flowers from 58 to 65 d after early- to mid-June plantings. NM-2B has ovate shaped, bright gray seeds (10.0 g per 1000 seed) and yellow anthers. NM-3B is a medium maturity, leafy, dwarf, synchronous-tillering inbred with semierect leaves that averages 82 to 108 cm in height at maturity and flowers from 69 to 76 d after early- to mid-June plantings. NM-3B has ovate shaped, gray seeds (6.3 g per 1000 seed) and yellow anthers. Grain hybrids with NM-3B have a tendency to root lodge in heavy clay soils in the fall after heavy rainfall and wind. NM-4B is a medium maturity dwarf, synchronous-tillering inbred that averages 66 to 80 cm in height at maturity. It flowers from 68 to 75 d after early- to mid-June plantings and has a very stiff stalk. NM-4B has ovate shaped, gray seeds (8.2 g per 1000 seed) and yellow anthers. NM-5B is a medium maturity dwarf, leafy, synchronous-tillering inbred with semierect leaves that averages 72 to 88 cm in height at maturity. It flowers from 69 to 78 d after early- to mid-June plantings and has a very stiff stalk. NM-5B has ovate shaped, gray seeds (9.0 g per 1000 seed) and purple anthers.
The main advantages of NM-1B, NM-2B, NM-3B, NM-4B, and NM-5B are their early or medium maturity, shorter stature, and larger seed size which provide significant improvement over 23D1BE1 as seed parents for grain hybrid production. Release of these lines in both A1 and A4 CMS systems will extend their use to hybrid combinations by involving male parents of wider genetic diversity. Depending on the male parent, hybrids with these parents can have a maturity comparable with very early grain sorghum hybrids. Yield performance tests from 1994 to 1997 in a limited number of hybrid combinations indicated that NM-1A, NM-2A, NM-3A, NM-4A, and NM-5A have good combining ability for grain yield to produce earlier maturing dwarf grain pearl millet hybrids for the midwestern USA. Yields of individual hybrids in these tests ranged from 810 to 5620 kg ha-1.
These lines are available individually (in either A1 or A4 cytoplasm) for research purposes through the Department of Agronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583.
NOTES
Research funded in part by USAID Grant No. LAG-G-00-96-900090-00 through INTSORMIL, the International Sorghum and Millet CRSP. Journal Article No. 12948 by Univ. of Nebraska Agric. Res. Div. Registration by CSSA.
Accepted for publication April 30, 2002.
REFERENCES
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