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REGISTRATIONS OF GERMPLASM

Registration of Four Sunflower Germplasms With Resistance to Orobanche cumana Race F

^a USDA-ARS, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, P.O. Box 5677, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
^b Dep. de Mejora y Agronomía, Inst. de Agricultura Sostenible, CSIC, Apdo. 4084, E-14080, Córdoba, Spain

* Corresponding author (janc{at}fargo.ars.usda.gov)

Four sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) germplasm populations, BR1 to BR4 (Reg. no. GP-262 through GP-265, PI 617026 through PI 617029) resistant to the new Race F of broomrape [Orobanche cumana Wallr. (= O. cernua Loefl.)] were cooperatively developed and released by the USDA-ARS, the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Fargo, ND, and the Institute de Agricultura Sostenible, CSIC, Cordoba, Spain, in January 2001. The resistance genes of BR1 to BR4 were derived from wild perennial sunflowers Helianthus maximilianii Schrad., H. grosseserratus Mart., and H. divaricatus L. These populations will provide sunflower breeders with genetic resistance to Race F of broomrape (Jan et al., 2000).

Broomrape is a parasitic weed that infects sunflower roots, causing severe crop losses in Southern Europe and the Black Sea region. It has also been observed in Australia, Mongolia, and China. Five resistance genes (Or₁ to Or₅) have been used successfully for broomrape control following the progression of Races A to E (Vrânceanu et al., 1980). Recent studies indicated the development of a new race in Spain, designated F, which attacks all sunflower hybrids overcoming the previously effective resistance genes, with no resistance available in cultivated lines (Domínguez et al., 1996; Melero-Vara, 1997). However, a high level of resistance to Race F has been observed in populations of wild perennial sunflowers (Fernández-Martínez et al., 2000).

The BR1 through BR4 germplasm populations are F₄ bulks from 10 resistant F₃ families grown from selected immune F₂ plants. In the pedigree using P21, a D denotes a fully chromosomally doubled head, while PD denotes a partially doubled head. The pedigrees for BR1 (PI 617026) is P21//H. grosseserratus-001/P21 (PD)/3/ HA89, for BR2 (PI 617027) it is H. maximiliani-004/P21 (D)//P21/3/HA89, for BR3 (PI 617028) it is H. divaricatus-830/P21(D)//P21/3/HA89, and for BR4 (PI 617029) it is H. divaricatus-830/P21 (D)//H. grosseserratus-001/P21 (D)/3/P21/4/HA89. Wild perennials were used as female parents in crosses to P21. P21, a selection from ‘Peredovik’, carries a recessive gene for male-sterility, and was released by the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station and USDA-ARS in 1970. The F₁ seedlings were treated with colchicine to induce chromosome doubling and restore fertility. Chromosomally doubled (D) or partially doubled (PD) heads of the initial interspecific hybrids of BR1 to BR3 were backcrossed to P21 to produce triploid BC₁F₁ plants having 2n = 51 chromosomes. The BC₁F₁s were crossed with HA89 (PI 599773) to produce BC₂F₁ plants which had chromosome numbers ranging from 2n = 34 to 51, and were evaluated for broomrape resistance in the greenhouse. HA89 is a maintainer line released by the USDA-ARS and the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station in 1971. Resistant plants were either self or sib-pollinated within each group. Only the 2n = 34 chromosome BC₂F₂ progenies were grown at Fargo, self-pollinated, and their progeny tested for broomrape resistance in the greenhouse and field in Córdoba. Self-pollinated BC₂F₃ seeds from 10 resistant BC₂F₂ plants were grown in the greenhouse in Fargo to produce seed for the releases.

Germplasm BR4 was derived by intercrossing chromosomally doubled F₁ heads of H. divaricatus-830/P21 and H. grosseserratus-001/P21, resulting in a mixed-amphiploid maintained by sib-pollination. This mix-amphiploid was backcrossed with P21, and the resulting triploid BC₁F₁'s were backcrossed with HA89 to produce BC₂F₁. Evaluations of BC₂F₁, BC₂F₂, BC₂F₃, and seed production of the BR4 germplasm were the same as for BR1 through BR3.

BR1 through BR4 have plant heights of 122, 147, 139, and 103 cm, and flower 59, 64, 71, and 60 d after planting, respectively. Seeds of BR1 to BR4 are black, with 1000-seed weights of 54, 61, 26, and 47 g, respectively, and self-pollinated seed set percentage of 72, 82, 49, and 66, indicating good self-compatibility. BR3 plants are branched; plants of the other three populations are nonbranched.

Limited quantities of seed of each germplasm will be maintained and distributed by the authors. We ask that appropriate recognition be made if these germplasm populations contribute to the development of a new breeding line, germplasm, or cultivar. U.S. Plant Variety Protection will not be requested for BR1 through BR4.

NOTES

Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication April 30, 2002.

REFERENCES

• Domínguez, J., J.M. Melero-Vara, and A. Refoyo. 1996. Virulence groups of Orobanche cernua in Andalusia (southern Spain). p. 633–637. In M. Moreno et al. (ed.) Advances in parasitic plant research. Proc. Int. Symp. in Parasitic Weed, 6th, Cordoba, Spain. 16–18 Apr. 1996. Congresos y Jornadas 36/96. Direccion General de Investigacion Agraria, Consejeria de Agricultura y Pesca, Sevilla, Spain.
• Fernández-Martínez, J., J. Melero-Vara, J. Muñoz-Ruz, J. Ruso, and J. Domínguez. 2000. Selection of wild and cultivated sunflower for resistance to a new broomrape race that overcomes resistance of the Or₅ gene. Crop Sci. 40:550–555.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Jan, C.C., J.A. Ruso, J. Muñoz-Ruz, and J.M. Fernández-Martínez. 2000. Resistance of sunflower (Helianthus) perennial species, interspecific amphiploids, and backcross progeny to broomrape (O. cumana Wallr.) races. p. J14–J19. In Proc. Int. Sunflower Conf., 15th, Toulouse, France. 12–15 June 2000. Int. Sunflower Assoc., Paris.
• Melero-Vara, J.M. 1997. El jopo del girasol: Evolución racial y desarrolo de resistencia genetica. p. 373–382. In Proc. Natl. Seed Symp., 4th, Sevilla, Spain. 5–7 Nov. 1997. Junta de Andalucia, Spain.
• Vrânceanu, A.V., V.A. Tudor, F.M. Stoenescu, and N. Pîrvu. 1980. Virulence groups of Orobanche cumana Wallr., differential hosts and resistance sources and genes in sunflower. p. 74–82. In Proc. Int. Sunflower Conf., 9th, Torremolinos, Spain. 8–13 July 1980. Int. Sunflower Assoc., Paris.

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