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REGISTRATIONS OF CULTIVARS

Registration of ‘Midland 99’ Forage Bermudagrass

^a Hortic. & Landscape Architecture Dep., Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, OK 74078
^b Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK 73402
^c Subtropical Agric. Res. Stn., USDA-ARS, Brooksville, FL 34601
^d Grasslands Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, El Reno, OK 7303
^e Cooperative Extension Serv., Univ. of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR 72203
^f Research and Extension Southeast Area, Kansas State Univ., Chanute, KS 66720
^g Univ. of Missouri Outreach and Extension, Springfield, MO 65802
^h Dep. of Agronomy, Plant Sci. Unit, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
ⁱ Southwest Missouri Agric. Res. and Educ. Cent., Mt. Vernon, MO 65712

* Corresponding author (cmt{at}mail.pss.okstate.edu)

‘Midland 99’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] (Reg. no. CV-42, PI 628792) was jointly released by the Oklahoma, Kansas, Arkansas, and Missouri Agricultural Experiment Stations, the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, and the USDA-ARS in April 1999.

Midland 99 is an F₁ hybrid (2n = 4x = 36) from the cross PI 269370/PI 292143 (6-X-820)//A12156/A10978b-4 (7-X-59) made in 1974. PI 269370/PI 292143 was an F₁ hybrid designated as 6-X-820. PI 269370 (Okla. Acc. A8800) is C. dactylon var. afghanicus J.R. Harlan & de Wet from Afghanistan, and PI 292143 (Oklahoma Accession A10421) is C. nlemfuensis var. robustus from Ghana. A12156/A10978b-4, also an F₁ hybrid, was designated as 7-X-59. A12156 and A10978b-4 are both C. dactylon var. dactylon accessions collected in Oklahoma. Midland 99 was first identified as having desirable performance in the mid-1980s and was entered into advanced performance testing using the designation 74X 21-6. Midland 99 is not related to ‘Midland’.

Midland 99 was evaluated across several years in small-plot performance trials in Oklahoma, Arkansas, Kansas, and Missouri. It consistently produced more forage dry matter than Midland and ‘Greenfield’. In Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station (OAES) tests, Midland 99 yields exceeded those of Midland by 13 to 21%, and those of Greenfield by 43 to 69%. Similar yield advantages of Midland 99 over Midland or Greenfield were observed in tests at Ardmore, OK; Batesville, AR; Mt. Vernon, MO; and Parsons, KS. Forage dry matter yields of Midland 99 have generally equaled or exceeded those of ‘Tifton 44’. The forage quality of Midland 99, as indicated by laboratory tests of digestibility, crude protein, and fiber, has usually equaled or exceeded that of Midland, Tifton 44, and Greenfield.

Midland 99 is similar to Midland and Tifton 44 in morphology and growth habit. It has relatively tall, upright, growth in comparison with more decumbent cultivars such as Greenfield. Stem diameter, shoot length, and leaf width are similar to Midland and Tifton 44. Leaves tend to be longer (2–4 cm) than those of Midland and Tifton 44. It typically produces seed heads later and less prolifically than Midland, Tifton 44, and Greenfield. Midland 99 produces few seed and must be established by conventional sprigging. It produces stout underground rhizomes. Establishment characteristics are similar to those of Tifton 44 and Midland. Accordingly, it does not spread as aggressively as bermudagrass cultivars such as Greenfield and ‘Alicia’. A planting rate of at least 26 hL sprigs ha^-1 (30 bu acre^-1), combined with good weed control and fertility management, will hasten full sod establishment. There have been no unusual or severe insect or disease problems with Midland 99. It is highly resistant to leaf disease [caused by Bipolaris cynodontis (Marignoni) Shoemaker]. Freeze tolerance, as determined by laboratory methods and field observation, is similar to Greenfield and slightly greater than Midland and Tifton 44.

Propagation stock increase is on a limited generation basis with one generation each of Breeder, Foundation, and Certified classes. Certified stock may be grown only from Foundation stock. Breeder stock will be maintained by the OAES. Foundation stock is produced and distributed by the Oklahoma Foundation Seed Stock, Inc., Plant & Soil Sciences Dep., Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078. U.S. Plant Patent Protection for Midland 99 will not be sought.

NOTES

Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication May 31, 2002.

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