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USDA-ARS, U.S. Agric. Res. Stn., Crop Improvement and Protection Res., 1636 East Alisal St., Salinas, CA 93905-3018
* Corresponding author (myu{at}pw.ars.usda.gov)
Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) germplasm M1-3 (Reg. no. GP-221, PI 628749) was developed by the USDA-ARS, Salinas, CA, in cooperation with the California Beet Growers Association, Ltd., Stockton, CA, and released in March 2001. M1-3 provides a source of resistance to root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp., that may be useful in resistance breeding program.
The initial seed of M1-3 was produced by inter-pollinating more than 60 plants selected from the fourth backcross generation of hybrids between wild beet (B. vulgaris ssp. maritima) line M1-2 (PI 614899) (Yu, 2002) and recurrent sugarbeet parents, C37 (PI 590715), C69 (PI 599341), and C78 (PI 593671) (Lewellen et al., 1985; Lewellen, 1997, 2000). These selected plants all produced root-knot resistant progeny, when crossed to susceptible sugarbeet, as determined by J2 larval inoculation studies in the greenhouse. M1-3 is highly resistant, if not immune, to root-knot nematode. M1-3 is a multigerm, biennial, self-incompatible sugarbeet germplasm that is heterogenous for plant type and hypocotyl color. Approximately 80% of the seedlings have nongreen hypocotyls. Taproot size and conformation is not as uniform as its recurrent parents; however, the intensity of the sprangled root growth habit of M1-2 has been greatly decreased. The M1-3 germplasm is resistant to several species of root-knot nematode, including M. incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood, M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood, M. arenaria (Neal) Chitwood, M. hapla Chitwood, M. chitwoodi Golden et al., and M. fallax Karssen (Yu et al., 1999).
The strength of resistance to root-knot nematode in M1-3 is similar to that of M6-1 (PI 613165) (Yu, 2001), but the two germplasms can be differentiated by a phosphoglucomutase (PGM) isozyme stain on starch gels (Yu et al., 2001). F1 progeny of M1-3 produce the PGM banding pattern associated with root-knot nematode resistance. However, a similar banding pattern has not been observed in M6-1 or its progeny. In addition, M6-1 is self-compatible, but M1-3 is self-incompatible.
Breeder seed will be maintained by the USDA-ARS and provided to sugarbeet breeders and researchers in small quantities upon written request. Recipients of seed are requested to make appropriate recognition of the source if M1-3 contributes to the development of a new population, parental line, cultivar, or hybrid. U.S. Plant Variety Protection for M1-3 will not be applied for.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author thanks Dr. R.T. Lewellen for providing the nonresistant sugarbeet stecklings. The technical assistance of L.M. Pakish and G.H. Gordon is gratefully acknowledged.
NOTES
Cooperative investigation by the USDA-ARS and the California Beet Growers Association, Ltd., 2 West Swain Rd, Stockton, CA 95207. Registration by CSSA.
Accepted for publication March 31, 2002.
REFERENCES
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